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nullhomotopy -- make a null homotopy

Description

nullhomotopy f -- produce a nullhomotopy for a map f of chain complexes.

Whether f is null homotopic is not checked.

Here is part of an example provided by Luchezar Avramov. We construct a random module over a complete intersection, resolve it over the polynomial ring, and produce a null homotopy for the map that is multiplication by one of the defining equations for the complete intersection.

i1 : A = ZZ/101[x,y];
i2 : M = cokernel random(A^3, A^{-2,-2})

o2 = cokernel | 43x2+10xy-19y2  -29x2-37xy+34y2 |
              | -39x2+48xy-37y2 -28x2-21xy-31y2 |
              | -47x2+21xy+42y2 30x2+34xy+50y2  |

                            3
o2 : A-module, quotient of A
i3 : R = cokernel matrix {{x^3,y^4}}

o3 = cokernel | x3 y4 |

                            1
o3 : A-module, quotient of A
i4 : N = prune (M**R)

o4 = cokernel | -20x2-11xy+16y2 -23x2+39xy+43y2 x3 x2y+26xy2-11y3 -4xy2+35y3 y4 0  0  |
              | x2-35xy+30y2    -30xy-37y2      0  11xy2-7y3      37xy2-50y3 0  y4 0  |
              | 39xy+33y2       x2-50xy+19y2    0  -10y3          xy2-10y3   0  0  y4 |

                            3
o4 : A-module, quotient of A
i5 : C = resolution N

      3      8      5
o5 = A  <-- A  <-- A  <-- 0
                           
     0      1      2      3

o5 : ChainComplex
i6 : d = C.dd

          3                                                                                 8
o6 = 0 : A  <----------------------------------------------------------------------------- A  : 1
               | -20x2-11xy+16y2 -23x2+39xy+43y2 x3 x2y+26xy2-11y3 -4xy2+35y3 y4 0  0  |
               | x2-35xy+30y2    -30xy-37y2      0  11xy2-7y3      37xy2-50y3 0  y4 0  |
               | 39xy+33y2       x2-50xy+19y2    0  -10y3          xy2-10y3   0  0  y4 |

          8                                                                              5
     1 : A  <-------------------------------------------------------------------------- A  : 2
               {2} | -6xy2-38y3     40xy2-41y3     6y3        27y3       35y3       |
               {2} | 10xy2-30y3     -50y3          -10y3      23y3       18y3       |
               {3} | -25xy+24y2     22xy+36y2      25y2       -29y2      -39y2      |
               {3} | 25x2+2xy       -22x2+23xy+2y2 -25xy-26y2 29xy+21y2  39xy+28y2  |
               {3} | -10x2+5xy-41y2 -13xy          10xy+25y2  -23xy-45y2 -18xy+47y2 |
               {4} | 0              0              x-19y      -19y       -45y       |
               {4} | 0              0              13y        x-42y      41y        |
               {4} | 0              0              -18y       48y        x-40y      |

          5
     2 : A  <----- 0 : 3
               0

o6 : ChainComplexMap
i7 : s = nullhomotopy (x^3 * id_C)

          8                             3
o7 = 1 : A  <------------------------- A  : 0
               {2} | 0 x+35y 30y   |
               {2} | 0 -39y  x+50y |
               {3} | 1 20    23    |
               {3} | 0 16    -6    |
               {3} | 0 -15   -2    |
               {4} | 0 0     0     |
               {4} | 0 0     0     |
               {4} | 0 0     0     |

          5                                                                                8
     2 : A  <---------------------------------------------------------------------------- A  : 1
               {5} | 49  20 0 40y      10x+4y  xy-31y2      28xy+17y2    -22xy-2y2    |
               {5} | -40 50 0 -23x+26y -7x-34y -11y2        xy+46y2      -37xy+48y2   |
               {5} | 0   0  0 0        0       x2+19xy+15y2 19xy+9y2     45xy-43y2    |
               {5} | 0   0  0 0        0       -13xy-16y2   x2+42xy-50y2 -41xy-8y2    |
               {5} | 0   0  0 0        0       18xy-31y2    -48xy+42y2   x2+40xy+35y2 |

                   5
     3 : 0 <----- A  : 2
              0

o7 : ChainComplexMap
i8 : s*d + d*s

          3                    3
o8 = 0 : A  <---------------- A  : 0
               | x3 0  0  |
               | 0  x3 0  |
               | 0  0  x3 |

          8                                       8
     1 : A  <----------------------------------- A  : 1
               {2} | x3 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  |
               {2} | 0  x3 0  0  0  0  0  0  |
               {3} | 0  0  x3 0  0  0  0  0  |
               {3} | 0  0  0  x3 0  0  0  0  |
               {3} | 0  0  0  0  x3 0  0  0  |
               {4} | 0  0  0  0  0  x3 0  0  |
               {4} | 0  0  0  0  0  0  x3 0  |
               {4} | 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  x3 |

          5                              5
     2 : A  <-------------------------- A  : 2
               {5} | x3 0  0  0  0  |
               {5} | 0  x3 0  0  0  |
               {5} | 0  0  x3 0  0  |
               {5} | 0  0  0  x3 0  |
               {5} | 0  0  0  0  x3 |

     3 : 0 <----- 0 : 3
              0

o8 : ChainComplexMap
i9 : s^2

          5         3
o9 = 2 : A  <----- A  : 0
               0

                   8
     3 : 0 <----- A  : 1
              0

o9 : ChainComplexMap

Ways to use nullhomotopy :