next | previous | forward | backward | up | top | index | toc | Macaulay2 web site

noetherNormalization -- data for Noether normalization

Synopsis

Description

The computations performed in the routine noetherNormalization use a random linear change of coordinates, hence one should expect the output to change each time the routine is executed.
i1 : R = QQ[x_1..x_4];
i2 : I = ideal(x_2^2+x_1*x_2+1, x_1*x_2*x_3*x_4+1);

o2 : Ideal of R
i3 : (f,J,X) = noetherNormalization I

               4                         9                      9 2          
o3 = (map(R,R,{-x  + 7x  + x , x , 5x  + -x  + x , x }), ideal (-x  + 7x x  +
               5 1     2    4   1    1   2 2    3   2           5 1     1 2  
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 3     193 2 2   63   3   4 2           2       2      
     x x  + 1, 4x x  + ---x x  + --x x  + -x x x  + 7x x x  + 5x x x  +
      1 4        1 2    5  1 2    2 1 2   5 1 2 3     1 2 3     1 2 4  
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     9   2
     -x x x  + x x x x  + 1), {x , x })
     2 1 2 4    1 2 3 4         4   3

o3 : Sequence
The next example shows how when we use the lexicographical ordering, we can see the integrality of R/ f I over the polynomial ring in dim(R/I) variables:
i4 : R = QQ[x_1..x_5, MonomialOrder => Lex];
i5 : I = ideal(x_2*x_1-x_5^3, x_5*x_1^3);

o5 : Ideal of R
i6 : (f,J,X) = noetherNormalization I

                                         1               5              
o6 = (map(R,R,{10x  + 3x  + x , x , x  + -x  + x , 4x  + -x  + x , x }),
                  1     2    5   1   1   2 2    4    1   6 2    3   2   
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
               2                   3       3         2 2       2      
     ideal (10x  + 3x x  + x x  - x , 1000x x  + 900x x  + 300x x x  +
               1     1 2    1 5    2       1 2       1 2       1 2 5  
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
           3         2            2      4      3       2 2      3
     270x x  + 180x x x  + 30x x x  + 27x  + 27x x  + 9x x  + x x ), {x , x ,
         1 2       1 2 5      1 2 5      2      2 5     2 5    2 5     5   4 
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     x })
      3

o6 : Sequence
i7 : transpose gens gb J

o7 = {-10} | x_2^10                                                        
     {-10} | 10x_1x_2x_5^6-5400x_2^9x_5-2430x_2^9+900x_2^8x_5^2+810x_2^8x_5
     {-9}  | 270x_1x_2^2x_5^3-100x_1x_2x_5^5+90x_1x_2x_5^4+54000x_2^9-9000x
     {-9}  | 196830x_1x_2^3+72900x_1x_2^2x_5^2+131220x_1x_2^2x_5+20000x_1x_
     {-3}  | 10x_1^2+3x_1x_2+x_1x_5-x_2^3                                  
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            
     -100x_2^7x_5^3-270x_2^7x_5^2+90x_2^6x_5^3-30x_2^5x_5^4+10x_2^4x_5^5+3x_
     _2^8x_5-2700x_2^8+1000x_2^7x_5^2+1800x_2^7x_5-900x_2^6x_5^2+300x_2^5x_5
     2x_5^5-9000x_1x_2x_5^4+16200x_1x_2x_5^3+21870x_1x_2x_5^2-10800000x_2^9+
                                                                            
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                          
     2^2x_5^6+x_2x_5^7                                                    
     ^3-100x_2^4x_5^4+90x_2^4x_5^3+81x_2^3x_5^3-30x_2^2x_5^5+54x_2^2x_5^4-
     1800000x_2^8x_5+810000x_2^8-200000x_2^7x_5^2-450000x_2^7x_5+81000x_2^
                                                                          
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             
                                                                             
     10x_2x_5^6+9x_2x_5^5                                                    
     7+180000x_2^6x_5^2-81000x_2^6x_5-72900x_2^6-60000x_2^5x_5^3+27000x_2^5x_
                                                                             
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
     5^2+24300x_2^5x_5+65610x_2^5+20000x_2^4x_5^4-9000x_2^4x_5^3+16200x_2^4x_
                                                                             
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
     5^2+21870x_2^4x_5+59049x_2^4+21870x_2^3x_5^2+59049x_2^3x_5+6000x_2^2x_5^
                                                                             
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                             
     5-2700x_2^2x_5^4+12150x_2^2x_5^3+19683x_2^2x_5^2+2000x_2x_5^6-900x_2x_5^
                                                                             
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 |
                                 |
                                 |
     5+1620x_2x_5^4+2187x_2x_5^3 |
                                 |

             5       1
o7 : Matrix R  <--- R
If noetherNormalization is unable to place the ideal into the desired position after a few tries, the following warning is given:
i8 : R = ZZ/2[a,b];
i9 : I = ideal(a^2*b+a*b^2+1);

o9 : Ideal of R
i10 : (f,J,X) = noetherNormalization I
--warning: no good linear transformation found by noetherNormalization

                               2       2
o10 = (map(R,R,{b, a}), ideal(a b + a*b  + 1), {b})

o10 : Sequence
Here is an example with the option Verbose => true:
i11 : R = QQ[x_1..x_4];
i12 : I = ideal(x_2^2+x_1*x_2+1, x_1*x_2*x_3*x_4+1);

o12 : Ideal of R
i13 : (f,J,X) = noetherNormalization(I,Verbose => true)
--trying random transformation: 1
--trying with basis element limit: 5
--trying with basis element limit: 20

                      3             1      3                        2   3    
o13 = (map(R,R,{2x  + -x  + x , x , -x  + --x  + x , x }), ideal (3x  + -x x 
                  1   2 2    4   1  7 1   10 2    3   2             1   2 1 2
      -----------------------------------------------------------------------
                  2 3     57 2 2    9   3     2       3   2     1 2      
      + x x  + 1, -x x  + --x x  + --x x  + 2x x x  + -x x x  + -x x x  +
         1 4      7 1 2   70 1 2   20 1 2     1 2 3   2 1 2 3   7 1 2 4  
      -----------------------------------------------------------------------
       3   2
      --x x x  + x x x x  + 1), {x , x })
      10 1 2 4    1 2 3 4         4   3

o13 : Sequence
The first number in the output above gives the number of linear transformations performed by the routine while attempting to place I into the desired position. The second number tells which BasisElementLimit was used when computing the (partial) Groebner basis. By default, noetherNormalization tries to use a partial Groebner basis. It does this by sequentially computing a Groebner basis with the option BasisElementLimit set to predetermined values. The default values come from the following list:{5,20,40,60,80,infinity}. To set the values manually, use the option LimitList:
i14 : R = QQ[x_1..x_4]; 
i15 : I = ideal(x_2^2+x_1*x_2+1, x_1*x_2*x_3*x_4+1);

o15 : Ideal of R
i16 : (f,J,X) = noetherNormalization(I,Verbose => true,LimitList => {5,10})
--trying random transformation: 1
--trying with basis element limit: 5
--trying with basis element limit: 10

                 3     7             3     1                      13 2  
o16 = (map(R,R,{--x  + -x  + x , x , -x  + -x  + x , x }), ideal (--x  +
                10 1   8 2    4   1  8 1   3 2    3   2           10 1  
      -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      7                  9 3     137 2 2    7   3    3 2       7   2    
      -x x  + x x  + 1, --x x  + ---x x  + --x x  + --x x x  + -x x x  +
      8 1 2    1 4      80 1 2   320 1 2   24 1 2   10 1 2 3   8 1 2 3  
      -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      3 2       1   2
      -x x x  + -x x x  + x x x x  + 1), {x , x })
      8 1 2 4   3 1 2 4    1 2 3 4         4   3

o16 : Sequence
To limit the randomness of the coefficients, use the option RandomRange. Here is an example where the coefficients of the linear transformation are random integers from -2 to 2:
i17 : R = QQ[x_1..x_4];
i18 : I = ideal(x_2^2+x_1*x_2+1, x_1*x_2*x_3*x_4+1);

o18 : Ideal of R
i19 : (f,J,X) = noetherNormalization(I,Verbose => true,RandomRange => 2)
--trying random transformation: 1
--trying with basis element limit: 5
--trying with basis element limit: 20

                                                            2               
o19 = (map(R,R,{x  + 2x  + x , x , 2x  + x , x }), ideal (2x  + 2x x  + x x 
                 1     2    4   1    2    3   2             1     1 2    1 4
      -----------------------------------------------------------------------
             2 2       3    2           2         2
      + 1, 2x x  + 4x x  + x x x  + 2x x x  + 2x x x  + x x x x  + 1), {x ,
             1 2     1 2    1 2 3     1 2 3     1 2 4    1 2 3 4         4 
      -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      x })
       3

o19 : Sequence

This symbol is provided by the package NoetherNormalization.

Ways to use noetherNormalization :