\chapter*{#1}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}}
\parskip 0pt

\def\afterpreface{%\newpage
\parskip 0pt
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Table of Contents}
\addtolength{\parskip}{-0.75ex}
\tableofcontents
\addtolength{\parskip}{+0.75ex}
\cleardoublepage
\pagenumbering{arabic}
\pagestyle{headings}}

\makeatletter
\def\thickhrulefill{\leavevmode \leaders \hrule height 1pt\hfill \kern \z@}
\renewcommand{\maketitle}{\begin{titlepage}%
    \let\footnotesize\small
    \let\footnoterule\relax
    \parindent \z@
    \reset@font
%    \null
    \vskip 10\p@
    \hbox{\mbox{%
        \hspace{4pt}%
        \includegraphics[width=4cm]{logohighschool.eps}%
        \hspace{4pt}
        }%
      \vrule depth 0.9\textheight%
      \mbox{\hspace{2em}}
      \vtop{% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
        \vskip 40\p@
        \begin{flushleft}
          \Large \@author \par
        \end{flushleft}
        \vskip 80\p@
        \begin{flushleft}
          \huge \bfseries \@title \par
        \end{flushleft}
        \vskip 80\p@
        \begin{center}
          \large \bfseries Version 0 \par
          \large \bfseries \@date \par
        \end{center}
        \vfil
        }}
    \null
  \end{titlepage}%
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
}\makeatother


%===========================================================================%
% Here are the locally defined macros which are designed to make the FHSST
% authors' lives just that little bit more bearable ;-)

% Note To Self (comes up parenthesised and red)
\newcommand{\nts}[1]{(\textcolor{red}{NOTE TO SELF: #1})}
\newcommand{\query}[1]{(\textcolor{red}{Query: #1})}
\newcommand{\ohm}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}
\newcommand{\eohm}{\,\Omega}\newcommand{\eN}{\,\rm{N}}                %m in text
\newcommand{\emm}{\,\rm{m}}                %m in text
\newcommand{\ep}{\,\ekg \cdot \mbox{\ms}}                %m/s in text
\newcommand{\es}{\,\mathrm{s}}                %s in equation
\newcommand{\ekg}{\,\mathrm{kg}}                %kg in equation
\newcommand{\eJ}{\,\mathrm{J}}                %J in equation
\newcommand{\eA}{\,\mathrm{A}}                %A in equation
\newcommand{\eV}{\,\mathrm{V}}                %J in equation
\newcommand{\eW}{\,\mathrm{W}}                %W in equation
\newcommand{\ms}{m$\cdot$s$^{-1}$}                %m/s in text
\newcommand{\mss}{m$\cdot$s$^{-2}$}                %m/s in text
\newcommand{\ems}{\,\mathrm{m \cdot s^{-1}}}            %m/s in equation
\newcommand{\emss}{\,\mathrm{m \cdot s^{-2}}}            %m/s in equation
\newcommand{\qstart}[1]{#1\begin{enumerate}}
\newcommand{\qend}{
\end{enumerate}}
\newcommand{\px}{$x$}                % position x, in text
\newcommand{\py}{$y$}                % position y, in text
\newcommand{\edx}{\Delta x}        % displacement dx, in text
\newcommand{\dx}{$\edx$}            % displacement dx, in text
\newcommand{\edy}{\Delta y}            % displacement dy, in text
\newcommand{\dy}{$\edy$}            % displacement dy, in text
\newcommand{\edt}{\Delta t}            % delta time dt, in text
\newcommand{\dt}{$\edt$}            % delta time dt, in text
\newcommand{\vel}{$v$}                % velocity
\newcommand{\kph}{km$\cdot$hr$^{-1}$}    %km/h in text
\newcommand{\momen}{\vec{p}}            %momentum
\newcommand{\kener}{KE}                            %kinetic energy
\newcommand{\poten}{PE}                            %kinetic energy
\newcommand{\degree}{^{\circ}}
\newcommand{\ie}{{\em i.e.~}}
\newcommand{\eg}{{\em e.g.~}}
\newcommand{\cf}{{\em c.f.~}}
\newcommand{\resp}{{\em resp.~}}
\newcommand{\etc}{{\em etc.~}}
\newcommand{\nb}{{\em n.b.~}}
\def\deg{$^\circ$}
\newcommand{\ud}{\mathrm{d}}
\newcommand{\comment}[1]{}

%===========================================================================%

% This is an environment for conveniently writing out the syllabus for a
% particular section. using \item for each relevant entry from the syllabus
\newenvironment{syllabus}{\color{blue}The syllabus requires:\begin{itemize}}{\end{itemize}}

\newcounter{workedexamplecounter} % physics worked example counter
\setcounter{workedexamplecounter}{1}
\newlength{\saveparindentlength}
\setlength{\saveparindentlength}{\parindent}
% Essay counter :)
\newcounter{essaycounter} % physics worked example counter
\setcounter{essaycounter}{1}
% My attempt to define an essay environment
% Will take 3 arguments
% 1 - Essay title
% 2 - Authors name and details block
% 3 - About the author block

\newenvironment{essay}[4]%
{\begin{center}\begin{pspicture}(-5,0)(5,0.01)
 \psline[linecolor=red]{-}(5,0)(7,0)\psline[linecolor=red]{-}(7,0)(7,-1)
 \psline[linecolor=red]{-}(-7,0)(-5,0)\psline[linecolor=red]{-}(-7,0)(-7,-1)
\end{pspicture}\end{center}
\vspace{.5cm}\setlength{\parindent}{5pt}
 \textbf{\textit{ Essay \arabic{essaycounter}} \\ #1 \small{by #2}}%
 \addtocounter{essaycounter}{1}%
 \par\vspace{.5cm} #4 \\\par\vspace{0.25cm}\textit{\textbf{Author: #2}}\\\vspace{0.5cm}%
\small{#3}\\ %
}%
{%
\begin{center}\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(5,0.01)%
 \psline[linecolor=red]{-}(0,0)(5,0)%
\end{pspicture}\end{center}%
\setlength{\parindent}{\saveparindentlength}}

\def\essay[#1]{\pagebreak \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\textit{Essay \arabic{essaycounter}}: #1}%
 \textbf{\Large\textit{Essay \arabic{essaycounter}}: #1\addtocounter{essaycounter}{1}}%
}
\def\essayauthor[#1]{\vspace{.5cm}\textit{\textbf{Author: #1}}}
\def\essayauthorblurb[#1]{\par\vspace{.5cm}{\sffamily #1}}
\def\essaytitle[#1]{\vspace{0.3cm}{\textbf{\Large #1}}\par\vspace{0.3cm}}

% My attempt to define a worked example environment
\newcounter{stepcounter}
\setcounter{stepcounter}{1}

% can we deprecate the use of this, and use \westep instead
\newcommand{\westep}[1]
{\par \par%\pagebreak[1]
 \textbf{\textit{Step \arabic{stepcounter} : #1}}\par
 \addtocounter{stepcounter}{1}}

\ifx\setlinejoinmode\undefined
 \newcommand{\setlinejoinmode}[1]{}
\fi
\ifx\setlinecaps\undefined
 \newcommand{\setlinecaps}[1]{}
\fi
% This way define your own fonts mapping (for example with ifthen)
\ifx\setfont\undefined
 \newcommand{\setfont}[2]{}
\fi

\newcommand{\pscompass}%
{\scalebox{1} % Change this value to rescale the drawing.
{
\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-1.561875)(1.5,1.561875)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0,0.75)(0,0)(-0.15,0.15)
\pspolygon(0,0.75)(0,0)(0.15,0.15)
\pspolygon(0.75,0)(0,0)(0.15,-0.15)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0.75,0)(0,0)(0.15,0.15)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](0,-0.75)(0,0)(0.15,-0.15)
\pspolygon(0,-0.75)(0,0)(-0.15,-0.15)
\pspolygon(-0.75,0)(0,0)(-0.15,0.15)
\pspolygon[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=black](-0.75,0)(0,0)(-0.15,-0.15)
\uput[u](0,0.75){N}
\uput[d](0,-0.75){S}
\uput[l](-0.75,0){W}

\uput[r](0.75,0){E}
\end{pspicture} 
}











}

\newcommand{\psrings}%
{%
\pscircle*[linewidth=0.5pt](0cm,0cm){.01}
\pscircle[linewidth=.5pt,linecolor=gray](0cm,0cm){.25}%
\pscircle[linewidth=.5pt,linecolor=gray](0cm,0cm){.5}%
\pscircle[linewidth=.5pt,linecolor=gray](0cm,0cm){0.75}%
\pscircle[linewidth=.5pt,linecolor=gray](0cm,0cm){1}%
}
\newcommand{\psintfact}%
{%
\rput(0,0){\begin{tabular}{c}\textbf{Interesting}\\ \textbf{Fact}%
\end{tabular}}
}
\newcommand{\psfact}%
{%
\begin{pspicture}(-.5,-.5)(.5,.5)
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 \PstLens[LensSize=0.5,LensRotation=-60,LensMagnification=1.5](-.04,-.1){\psintfact}
\end{pspicture}
}
\newcommand{\psflag}%
{%
\scalebox{0.3} % Change this value to rescale the drawing.
{\begin{pspicture}(0,-1.92)(3.0744452,1.92)
\definecolor{color792b}{rgb}{0.6,0.6,0.6}
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\newcommand{\psqmark}%
{%
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{\begin{pspicture}(0,-3.51)(3.98,3.53)
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{%
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\definecolor{color2871}{rgb}{0.4,0.4,0.4}
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\newcommand{\psbulb}%
{%
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{\begin{pspicture}(0,-3.3013647)(4.908481,3.4294605)
\definecolor{color946b}{rgb}{0.6,0.6,0.6}
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{%
\scalebox{0.2} % Change this value to rescale the drawing.
{\begin{pspicture}(0,-2.6732397)(5.2826033,2.5843153)
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\newenvironment{TempEnv}[3]%
{% This is a picture at the beginning, a line or bar or something else
\begin{center}
   \begin{pspicture}(0,-0.2)(5,0.2)
      \psline[doubleline=true,linewidth=1pt]{-}(0,0)(5,0)
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   \end{pspicture}
\end{center}% End of opening picture
% this command puts a bar in the margin and sets the bar width
\setlength{\changebarwidth}{8pt}\cbstart
% Now we set margins
\begin{quotation}
\noindent
\vspace{.5cm}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
%% Title and counter
\textbf{\textit{Worked Example \arabic{workedexamplecounter}: }
#1}\par
\textbf{Question:} #2\par
\textbf{Answer}\par #3%
\addtocounter{workedexamplecounter}{1}\setcounter{stepcounter}{1}%
\par%\vspace{.25cm}
}%
{\cbend
\end{quotation}\begin{center}\begin{pspicture}(0,-0.2)(5,0.2)
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\end{pspicture}\end{center}
\setlength{\parindent}{\saveparindentlength}}




\newenvironment{IFact}[1]%
{\vspace{3mm}\rmfamily
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\end{pspicture}\end{center}
%\psshadowbox{
 \begin{quote}%
\rput(-1.5,0){\psfact}\noindent #1%
\end{quote}%
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{\begin{center}\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(5,0.01)
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\begin{document}

\pagenumbering{roman}
\title{The Free High School Science Texts: Textbooks for High School Students Studying the Sciences\\
\textbf{Physics}\\
Grades 10 - 12}
\author{FHSST Authors}
\maketitle
\begin{quote}
Copyright 2007 ``Free High School Science Texts''\\
Permission \textbf{is} granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
\end{quote}

% This is the simple stuff about the license
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.cm}
\psshadowbox[linecolor=red,linewidth=0.25]{{\LARGE STOP!!!!}}
\vspace{1.cm}
{\Large \\ Did you notice the \textbf{FREEDOMS} we've granted you?\\}
\vspace{1.cm}
\begin{quotation}{\Large Our copyright license is \textbf{different!} It grants freedoms rather than just imposing
restrictions like all those other textbooks you probably own or use.\\}\end{quotation}
{\large 
\begin{itemize} 
\item We know people copy textbooks illegally but we would LOVE it if you copied our's - 
go ahead copy to your hearts content, \textbf{legally!}
\item Publishers' revenue is generated by controlling the market, we don't want any money, 
go ahead, distribute our books far and wide - we DARE you!
\item Ever wanted to change your textbook? Of course you have! Go ahead, change ours, 
make your own version, get your friends together, rip it apart and put it back together 
the way you like it. That's what we really want!
\item Copy, modify, adapt, enhance, share, critique, adore, and contextualise. Do it all, 
do it with your colleagues, your friends, or alone but get involved! Together we can 
overcome the challenges our complex and diverse country presents.
\item So what is the catch? The only thing you can't do is take this book, make a few changes and then tell others that they can't do the same with your changes. It's share and share-alike and we know you'll agree that is only fair.
\item These books were written by volunteers who want to help support education, who 
want the facts to be freely available for teachers to copy, adapt and re-use. Thousands 
of hours went into making them and they are a gift to everyone in the education community.
\end{itemize}
}
\end{center}

\clearpage
\doublespacing
\begin{center}{\Large FHSST Core Team\\}
Mark Horner
; Samuel Halliday 
; Sarah Blyth 
; Rory Adams
; Spencer Wheaton
\end{center}

\begin{center}{\Large FHSST Editors\\}
Jaynie Padayachee 
; Joanne Boulle
; Diana Mulcahy
; Annette Nell
; Ren\'{e} Toerien
; Donovan Whitfield
\end{center}

\begin{center}{\Large FHSST Contributors\\}

Rory Adams
; Prashant Arora
; Richard Baxter
; Dr. Sarah Blyth
; Sebastian Bodenstein
; Graeme  Broster
; Richard Case
; Brett Cocks
; Tim Crombie
; Dr. Anne  Dabrowski
; Laura Daniels
; Sean Dobbs
; Fernando Durrell
; Dr.  Dan Dwyer
; Frans van Eeden
; Giovanni Franzoni
; Ingrid von Glehn
; Tamara von Glehn
; Lindsay Glesener
; Dr. Vanessa Godfrey
; Dr. Johan Gonzalez
; Hemant Gopal
; Umeshree Govender
; Heather Gray
; Lynn Greeff
; Dr. Tom Gutierrez
; Brooke Haag
; Kate Hadley
; Dr. Sam Halliday
; Asheena Hanuman
; Neil Hart
; Nicholas Hatcher
; Dr. Mark Horner
; Robert Hovden
; Mfandaidza Hove
; Jennifer Hsieh
; Clare Johnson
; Luke Jordan
; Tana Joseph
; Dr. Jennifer Klay
; Lara Kruger
; Sihle Kubheka
; Andrew  Kubik
; Dr. Marco van Leeuwen
; Dr. Anton Machacek
; Dr. Komal Maheshwari
; Kosma von  Maltitz
; Nicole Masureik
; John Mathew
; JoEllen McBride
; Nikolai  Meures
; Riana Meyer
; Jenny Miller
; Abdul Mirza
; Asogan Moodaly
; Jothi Moodley
; Nolene Naidu
; Tyrone Negus
; Thomas O'Donnell
; Dr. Markus Oldenburg
; Dr. Jaynie Padayachee
; Nicolette Pekeur
; Sirika Pillay
; Jacques Plaut
; Andrea Prinsloo
; Joseph Raimondo
; Sanya Rajani
; Prof. Sergey Rakityansky
; Alastair Ramlakan
; Razvan Remsing
; Max Richter
; Sean Riddle
; Evan Robinson
; Dr. Andrew  Rose
; Bianca Ruddy
; Katie Russell
; Duncan Scott
; Helen Seals
; Ian Sherratt
; Roger Sieloff
; Bradley  Smith
; Greg Solomon
; Mike Stringer
; Shen Tian
; Robert Torregrosa
; Jimmy Tseng
; Helen Waugh
; Dr. Dawn Webber
; Michelle Wen
; Dr. Alexander Wetzler
; Dr. Spencer Wheaton
; Vivian White
; Dr. Gerald Wigger
; Harry Wiggins 
; Wendy Williams
; Julie Wilson
; Andrew Wood
; Emma Wormauld
; Sahal Yacoob
; Jean Youssef
\end{center}
\singlespacing
\begin{center}
Contributors and editors have made a sincere effort to produce an accurate and useful resource. Should you have suggestions, find mistakes or be prepared to donate material for inclusion, please don't hesitate to contact us. We intend to work with all who are willing to help make this a continuously evolving resource!\\
\vspace{2cm}
{\Large www.fhsst.org}
\end{center}

% Stuff copied from thesis
% Dutch style of paragraph formatting, i.e. no indents. 
\setlength{\parskip}{1.3ex plus 0.2ex minus 0.2ex}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection}{}}


\clearpage
\tableofcontents
\cleardoublepage
\pagenumbering{arabic}\part{Introduction}







% CHILD SECTION START 

