// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
// Mobius Forensic Toolkit
// Copyright (C) 2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025 Eduardo Aguiar
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
// version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General
// Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
#include "hive_decoder.h"
#include <mobius/decoder/data_decoder.h>

namespace mobius
{
namespace os
{
namespace win
{
namespace registry
{
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
// constants
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
static constexpr std::uint32_t INVALID_OFFSET = 0xffffffff;
static constexpr std::uint32_t HIVE_BASE_OFFSET = 4096;

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief get absolute offset
//! \param offset relative offset
//! \return absolute offset
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
static std::uint32_t
get_offset (mobius::decoder::data_decoder& decoder)
{
  auto offset = decoder.get_uint32_le ();

  if (offset != INVALID_OFFSET)
    offset += HIVE_BASE_OFFSET;

  return offset;
}

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief constructor
//! \param reader generic reader
//! \see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry
//! \see http://www.sentinelchicken.com/data/TheWindowsNTRegistryFileFormat.pdf
//! \see http://github.com/libyal/libregf/blob/master/documentation/Windows%20NT%20Registry%20File%20%28REGF%29%20format.asciidoc
//! \see http://github.com/msuhanov/regf/blob/master/Windows%20registry%20file%20format%20specification.md
//! \see https://binaryforay.blogspot.com.br/2015/01/registry-hive-basics.html
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
hive_decoder::hive_decoder (mobius::io::reader reader)
  : reader_ (reader)
{
}

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief decode hivefile header
//! \return header_data structure
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
header_data
hive_decoder::decode_header ()
{
  header_data data;

  reader_.seek (0);
  mobius::decoder::data_decoder decoder (reader_);

  data.signature = decoder.get_string_by_size (4);
  data.sequence_1 = decoder.get_uint32_le ();
  data.sequence_2 = decoder.get_uint32_le ();
  data.mtime = decoder.get_nt_datetime ();
  data.major_version = decoder.get_uint32_le ();
  data.minor_version = decoder.get_uint32_le ();
  data.file_type = decoder.get_uint32_le ();
  data.file_format = decoder.get_uint32_le ();
  data.root_offset = get_offset (decoder);
  data.hbin_data_size = decoder.get_int32_le ();
  data.disk_sector_size = decoder.get_uint32_le () << 9;
  data.filename = decoder.get_string_by_size (64, "UTF-16LE");
  data.rm_guid = decoder.get_guid ();
  data.log_guid = decoder.get_guid ();
  data.flags = decoder.get_uint32_le ();
  data.tm_guid = decoder.get_guid ();
  data.guid_signature = decoder.get_string_by_size (4);
  data.rtime = decoder.get_nt_datetime ();

  // header checksum
  reader_.seek (508);
  data.header_checksum = decoder.get_uint32_le ();

  return data;
}

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief decode vk structure
//! \return vk_data structure
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
vk_data
hive_decoder::decode_vk (offset_type offset)
{
  vk_data data;

  // check offset
  if (offset == INVALID_OFFSET)
    return data;

  // create decoder
  reader_.seek (offset);
  mobius::decoder::data_decoder decoder (reader_);

  // get cell size
  std::int32_t cellsize = decoder.get_int32_le ();

  if (cellsize >= 0)
    return data;

  // decoder data
  data.signature = decoder.get_string_by_size (2);

  // name length in bytes
  std::uint16_t name_length = decoder.get_uint16_le ();

  // data size
  data.data_size = decoder.get_uint32_le ();

  // data offset
  // If the MSB of data_size is 1, data is stored directly in the data offset field
  constexpr std::uint32_t HIVE_DATA_IN_OFFSET = 0x80000000;

  if (data.data_size & HIVE_DATA_IN_OFFSET)
    data.data_offset = decoder.get_uint32_le ();
  else
    data.data_offset = get_offset (decoder);

  data.data_type = decoder.get_uint32_le ();

  // flags
  data.flags = decoder.get_uint16_le ();

  // probably not used (spare)
  decoder.skip (2);

  // set name
  constexpr std::uint16_t VALUE_COMP_NAME = 0x0001;
  std::string encoding = (data.flags & VALUE_COMP_NAME) ? "CP1252" : "UTF-16LE";
  data.name = decoder.get_string_by_size (name_length, encoding);

  return data;
}

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief decode subkeys list
//! \return vector of offsets
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
std::vector <hive_decoder::offset_type>
hive_decoder::decode_subkeys_list (offset_type offset)
{
  std::vector <offset_type> offsets;
  _retrieve_subkeys (offsets, offset);

  return offsets;
}

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief decode values list
//! \return vector of offsets
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
std::vector <hive_decoder::offset_type>
hive_decoder::decode_values_list (offset_type offset, std::uint32_t count)
{
  std::vector <offset_type> offsets;

  // check offset
  if (offset == INVALID_OFFSET)
    return offsets;

  // create decoder
  reader_.seek (offset);
  mobius::decoder::data_decoder decoder (reader_);

  // get cell size
  std::int32_t cellsize = decoder.get_int32_le ();

  if (cellsize >= 0)
    return offsets;

  // retrieve values' offsets
  for (std::uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
      std::uint32_t vk_offset = get_offset (decoder);

      if (vk_offset != INVALID_OFFSET)
        offsets.push_back (vk_offset);
    }

  return offsets;
}

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief retrieve subkeys from list, recursively
//! \param offsets offset vector
//! \param offset list offset
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
void
hive_decoder::_retrieve_subkeys (std::vector <offset_type>& offsets, offset_type offset)
{
  // check offset
  if (offset == INVALID_OFFSET)
    return;

  // create decoder
  reader_.seek (offset);
  mobius::decoder::data_decoder decoder (reader_);

  // get cell size
  std::int32_t cellsize = decoder.get_int32_le ();

  if (cellsize >= 0)
    return;

  // get cell signature
  std::string signature = decoder.get_string_by_size (2);
  std::uint16_t count = decoder.get_uint16_le ();

  // index leaf
  if (signature == "li")
    {
      for (auto i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
          std::uint32_t nk_offset = get_offset (decoder);

          if (nk_offset != INVALID_OFFSET)
            offsets.push_back (nk_offset);
        }
    }

  // fast leaf or hash leaf
  else if (signature == "lf" || signature == "lh")
    {
      for (auto i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
          std::uint32_t nk_offset = get_offset (decoder);
          decoder.skip (4);             // name or hash

          if (nk_offset != INVALID_OFFSET)
            offsets.push_back (nk_offset);
        }
    }

  // index root (list of subkeys lists)
  else if (signature == "ri")
    {
      std::vector <offset_type> ri_offsets;
      ri_offsets.reserve (count);

      for (auto i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
          std::int32_t l_offset = get_offset (decoder);
          ri_offsets.push_back (l_offset);
        }

      // generate subkeys
      for (auto l_offset : ri_offsets)
        _retrieve_subkeys (offsets, l_offset);
    }

  else
    {
      ; //error
    }
}

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief decode value's data
//! \param offset offset in bytes
//! \param size data size
//! \return data
//! \see https://binaryforay.blogspot.com.br/2015/08/registry-hive-basics-part-5-lists.html
//! \todo big data (db)
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
mobius::bytearray
hive_decoder::decode_data (offset_type offset, std::uint32_t size)
{
  mobius::bytearray data;

  // check offset
  if (offset == INVALID_OFFSET)
    return data;

  // decode cell
  reader_.seek (offset);
  mobius::decoder::data_decoder decoder (reader_);
  std::int32_t cellsize = decoder.get_int32_le ();

  if (cellsize >= 0)
    return data;

  cellsize = -cellsize - 4;

  // if data can be read from cell at once, read it all
  if (cellsize >= std::int32_t (size))
    {
      data = decoder.get_bytearray_by_size (size);
    }

  else if (cellsize > 1)  // otherwise, check for 'db' list
    {
      std::string signature = decoder.get_string_by_size (2);

      if (signature == "db")
        {
          data = decode_data_db (offset);
          data.resize (size);
        }
    }

  return data;
}

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief decode data cell
//! \param offset offset in bytes
//! \param size data size
//! \return data
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
mobius::bytearray
hive_decoder::decode_data_cell (offset_type offset)
{
  mobius::bytearray data;

  if (offset == INVALID_OFFSET)
    return data;

  // create decoder
  reader_.seek (offset);
  mobius::decoder::data_decoder decoder (reader_);

  // get cell size
  std::int32_t cellsize = decoder.get_int32_le ();

  if (cellsize < 0)
    data = decoder.get_bytearray_by_size (-cellsize - 4);

  // return data
  return data;
}

// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
//! \brief decode big data cell
//! \param offset offset in bytes
//! \param size data size
//! \return data
// =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
mobius::bytearray
hive_decoder::decode_data_db (offset_type offset)
{
  mobius::bytearray data;

  if (offset == INVALID_OFFSET)
    return data;

  // decode "db" cell
  reader_.seek (offset);
  mobius::decoder::data_decoder decoder (reader_);

  std::int32_t cellsize = decoder.get_int32_le ();
  if (cellsize >= 0)
    return data;

  std::string signature = decoder.get_string_by_size (2);
  std::uint16_t count = decoder.get_uint16_le ();
  std::uint32_t l_offset = get_offset (decoder);

  if (l_offset == INVALID_OFFSET)
    return data;

  // decode offset list cell
  reader_.seek (l_offset);
  cellsize = decoder.get_int32_le ();

  if (cellsize >= 0)
    return data;

  std::vector <offset_type> offsets;
  offsets.reserve (count);

  for (std::uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
    offsets.push_back (get_offset (decoder));

  // read data
  for (auto offset : offsets)
    data += decode_data_cell (offset);

  // return data
  return data;
}

} // namespace registry
} // namespace win
} // namespace os
} // namespace mobius
