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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="GNOME-UTILS-UTILITIES"
>Utilities</A
></H1
><P
>The <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Utilities</B
> category of
    <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>gnome-utils</TT
> package is a grab-bag of
    miscellaneous applications to help you get your work done. To
    launch any of these applications, click on the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Main
    Menu</B
> and select the <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Utilities</B
>
    menu item.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="GFONTSEL-INTRO"
>GNOME Font Selector</A
></H2
><P
>	<TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Font selector</TT
> is a simple
	utility for choosing a screen (i.e. X Window System) font.
        
    </P
><P
>      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Font selector</TT
> 
	is usually launched when you are changing an application's
	font in a <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>Settings</SPAN
> or
	<SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>Preferences</SPAN
> dialog. It can also be
	launched from the main menu by selecting <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Font
	Selector</B
> item in the
	<B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Utilities</B
> submenu of the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Main
	Menu</B
>, or from the command line by running command
	<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>gfontsel</B
>. 
      </P
><P
> It is important to know that in X Window System, each
	font has a number of attributes, such as family (Helvetica,
	Times, Courier&#8230;), size, weight, slant, etc., and two
	fonts are considered different even if they only differ in one
	of the properties, such as size or weight: <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Helvetica
	10 point</B
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Helvetica 12 point</B
></TT
>,
	and <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Helvetica 10 point bold</B
></TT
> are
	considered as  different fonts.  Each font has a unique name
	(officially known as <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>X Logical Font
	Description</I
>, or XLFD), which includes the values of
	all font's attributes, and by necessity is very long. Detailed
	description of X Window System fonts, their attributes and names can
	be found in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFONTSEL-XLFD"
>the section called <I
>Font attributes in X Window System and XLFD</I
></A
>.
     </P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GFONTSEL-MAINWIN"
>Main window</A
></H3
><P
>  
	This window (labelled <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Font</B
></TT
>) is the main window
	used for choosing the font. It is shown in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFONTSEL-MAINSHOT"
>Figure 13</A
>. 
	</P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFONTSEL-MAINSHOT"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfontsel-mainshot.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 13. GNOME Font Selector</B
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GFONTSEL-MAINWIN-BASIC"
>Font Selector Basic usage</A
></H3
><P
>	To choose a font, select the font family
	(for example, <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>courier</B
></TT
>) in the left
	column, then select font style&#8212;that is, weight and slant (for
	example, <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>bold italic</B
></TT
>), and finally, font size. 
      </P
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Preview</B
></TT
> window will show you how
	the selected font looks like. By default, it shows the Latin
	alphabet; you can also type any text you like in this window,
	and it will be shown using the selected font.
      </P
><P
>	To find more information about the selected font, you can switch to
	the <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFONTSEL-FONTINFO"
><TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Font
	information</B
></TT
> window</A
>. 
      </P
><P
>	If the font selector utility was launched by some application,
	such as one of the preferences dialogs, you will have buttons
	<B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>OK</B
> and <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Cancel</B
> at
	the bottom of the window. After you are satisfied with the
	chosen font, you can press <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>OK</B
> and the
	name of the selected font will be returned to the launching
	application.
      </P
><P
>	If the font selector utility was started from the menu or from
	the command line, it will have buttons
	<B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Apply</B
> and <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Close</B
>.
	Pressing <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Apply</B
> button will copy the
	full name (XLFD) of the selected font to the clipboard, so
	that it can be pasted into any other area of the screen by
	pressing the middle mouse button. Pressing
	<B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Apply</B
> button also shows the name of the
	selected font in the <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Selection</B
></TT
> field at
	the top of the screen.
      </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GFONTSEL-MAINWIN-FINE"
>Finer points</A
></H3
><P
> If there are several fonts with the same family name, the
	font foundry (usually the vendor name) will also be shown in
	the left field, for example: <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>courier(adobe)</B
></TT
>,
	<TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>courier(bitstream)</B
></TT
>.
      </P
><P
>	<TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Font Style</B
></TT
> field shows more than just
	font weight and slant. Namely, it also shows font's spacing,
	which can be monospaced (<TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>[M]</B
></TT
>),
	character-cell (<TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>[C]</B
></TT
>), or proportional (no
	label). In monospaced and character-cell fonts, each character
	has the same width; in proportional fonts, the character width
	varies, which usually looks better.  

	<DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="./stylesheet-images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Unfortunately, terminal emulation programs (including
	  <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>xterm</TT
> and
	  <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gnome-terminal</TT
>) and many programs initially
	  designed to work in a terminal (such as <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>	  emacs</TT
> editor) can only properly display monospaced and
	  character cell fonts; don't use proportional fonts for these cases
	  because proportional fonts will not appeal to most eyes.
       </P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
> 
      </P
><P
>	Finally, <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Font Style</B
></TT
> field also shows all
	possible character sets available for given font (if there is
	more than one). Roughly speaking, character set describes
	symbols of what alphabet are shown in this font. The most
	common charset is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>iso8859-1</TT
>, which includes
	all Latin letters, punctuation marks, numbers and enough
	accented letters to cover majority of Western European
	languages. More information is given in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFONTSEL-XLFD"
>the section called <I
>Font attributes in X Window System and XLFD</I
></A
>.
      </P
><P
> You will also notice that in the
        <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Size</B
></TT
> field, some font sizes are marked
        with stars. These are the sizes of unscaled bitmap fonts; they
        usually look better than other type (scalable and scaled
        bitmap) fonts &#8212; see <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFONTSEL-FILTER"
>the section called <I
>Font Selector Filter window</I
></A
>.  
     </P
><P
> You can configure the font selector dialog to show only
        those fonts which meet certain criteria. This is done in the
        <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFONTSEL-FILTER"
><TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Filter</B
></TT
>
        window</A
>. If you later decide that you again want to see
        all the fonts, just press the button <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Reset
        Filter</B
> either in the main window or in the filter
        window.
      </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GFONTSEL-FONTINFO"
>Font Selector Font Information window</A
></H3
><P
>	This window shows the information about selected font, both
	the values you requested and actual values. This is useful if
	you want to check the values of some of the font's parameters
	which you cannot specify in the main window, such as screen
	resolution. This window also shows the full font name (<A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFONTSEL-XLFD"
>XLFD</A
>), which contains the same
	information.
      </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GFONTSEL-FILTER"
>Font Selector Filter window</A
></H3
><P
>	In this window, you can set the font selector to show only the
	fonts which satisfy some criteria.  You can specify values for
	font foundry (vendor), weight, character set, slant, set
	width, and spacing (see <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFONTSEL-XLFD"
>the section called <I
>Font attributes in X Window System and XLFD</I
></A
> for description
	of these and other font parameters). You can choose
	<SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>*</SPAN
>, which means "any value"; you can also
	specify several values for the same field: just click on
	several of the them with the left mouse button (you do not
	need to hold <B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>SHIFT</B
> or <B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>CTRL</B
>).
      </P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFONTSEL-FILTERSHOT"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfontsel-filterwin.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 14. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Font Selector</TT
> filter window</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> You can also specify allowed font types, using
	checkbuttons at the top of this window. Possible types are
	bitmap fonts, scalable fonts, and scaled bitmaps. The most
	common fonts are bitmap fonts; scalable fonts (TrueType and
	Type 1 PostScript) usually produce equally good quality, but
	not all implementations of X Window System are able to use
	them. 
      </P
><P
> 
	As the name shows, scalable fonts can be scaled to any size without
	loss of quality. While it is possible to scale bitmap fonts as well,
	the quality of scaled bitmap fonts is disastrous. For this reason, by
	default font selector does not show scaled bitmap fonts. 
      </P
><P
>	After you have set your filter, you can return to the <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFONTSEL-MAINWIN"
><SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>main window</SPAN
></A
>
	(do not press <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>OK</B
> or
	<B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Apply</B
> &#8212; just choose the tab
	<TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Font</B
></TT
>), which will now only show the fonts
	satisfying your criteria. To remind you about this, the main
	window will now show words <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Filter
	applied</B
></TT
>.
      </P
><P
>	To return to the default filter (i.e., show all possible fonts
	except for scaled bitmaps), press <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Reset
	Filter</B
> either in the <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>Filter
	window</SPAN
> or in the <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>main
	window</SPAN
>.
      </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GFONTSEL-XLFD"
>Font attributes in X Window System and XLFD</A
></H3
><P
>	As was said earlier, each font in X Window system has a number
	of attributes and a full name, also known as X Logical Font
	Description (XLFD), which lists all of these attributes and therefore
	is quite long.  Typical font name looks like this
	<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>	  -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1
	</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      </P
><P
>	This name consists of 14 fields, showing the values of 14 parameters
	of the font, separated by dashes. 
      </P
><P
>	While such a name gives a complete information about the font,
	it is somewhat overwhelming, especially since not all of this
	parameters are actually useful. To make life a little bit
	easier, you can use wildcard <SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>*</SPAN
> in the font
	name; for example, the previous font can also be referred to
	as
	<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>	  -adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
	</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
	As usual, <SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>*</SPAN
> matches any value; if there are
	several fonts matching the given name, the system will pick
	the first matching one. In this particular example, most
	probably there is only one font matching this name, so this
	name is unambiguous.
      </P
><P
> 
	Below we list those of the  font's 14 attributes which are actually
	useful:
	<P
></P
><UL
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> 
              <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>foundry</B
></TT
> &#8212; font
	      foundry, the company or individual which made the font
	      (in our example, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>adobe</TT
>) 
          </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>family</B
></TT
> &#8212; font
	      family, the popular nickname of the font (in our
	      example, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>courier</TT
>) 
          </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> 
              <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>weight</B
></TT
> &#8212; font weight (in our
	      example, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>medium</TT
>). Admissible values:
              bold, medium, etc. 
	  </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>slant</B
></TT
> &#8212; font
              slant (in our example, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>(r)oman</TT
>,
              i.e. unslanted). Admissible values: (i)talics,
              (o)blique, (r)roman, etc.  
          </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>pixelsize</B
></TT
> &#8212; the
              number of pixels vertically in a character (in our
              example, 12) </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>pointsize</B
></TT
> &#8212;
              approximate point size of the font, measured in tenths
              of a point. In the example above, point size is 120,
              that is, 12 points. One point is equal to 1/72 of an
              inch, which is the common convention in English and
              American typesetting.  </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> horizontal and vertical
               <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>resolutions</B
></TT
> in dots per inch
               &#8212; in the example above, both are 75 dpi.
	    </P
><P
>	      Note that point size, pixel size, and vertical resolution are
	      related: for fonts with resolution 75dpi, point size is
	      approximately equal to (pixel size)*10; for fonts with resolution
	      100dpi, point size is approximately equal to (pixel size)*7.
	    </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>spacing</B
></TT
> &#8212;
              describes variance of character sizes in the
              font. Allowed values are (m)onospaced, (c)haracter cell
              (in both of these spacings, all characters have the same
              width) and proportional (characters have varying
              sizes). Proportional fonts usually look nicer. 
              </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> character set <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>registry</B
></TT
>
              and <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>encoding</B
></TT
> &#8212; these two
              parameters, commonly referred to as <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>character
              set</B
></TT
>, or <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>charset</B
></TT
> for
              short, describe what set of symbols (or what alphabet)
              this font represents. There is a number of possible
              charsets. Some of the most popular ones include:
	      <P
></P
><UL
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
>		    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>iso8859-1</I
>, also known as
		    Latin 1 &#8212; this character set includes all
		    the symbols found on the keyboard, i.e. Latin
		    letters, punctuation marks, numbers, symbols such
		    as @ or $. It also includes some special symbols,
		    such as the copyright sign, and a number of
		    accented letters, thus covering the needs of most
		    Western European languages (to be precise,
		    Afrikaans, Basque, Catalan, Danish, Dutch,
		    English, Faeroese, Finnish, French, Galician,
		    German, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian,
		    Portuguese, Scottish, Spanish, and Swedish).
		  </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
>		    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>iso8859-7</I
> &#8212; includes Latin and
		    Greek alphabets 
		  </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
>		    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>iso8859-8</I
> &#8212; includes Latin and
		    Hebrew alphabets 
		  </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
>		    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>koi8-r</I
> &#8212; includes Latin and
		    Cyrillic alphabets 
		  </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
>		    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>big5.eten.3.10-1</I
> &#8212; Chinese
		    (Big5 encoding) 
		  </P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>gb2312.1980-0</I
>
		    &#8212; Chinese (GB encoding) 
		</P
></LI
><LI
STYLE="list-style-type: bull"
><P
> 
                    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>jisx0208.1983-0</I
> &#8212; Japanese
		</P
></LI
></UL
>


	    </P
></LI
></UL
>
      </P
><P
>	The remaining font attributes (<TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Set Width</B
></TT
>,
	<TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Additional Style</B
></TT
>, and <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Average
	Width</B
></TT
>) are rarely used and therefore we skip their
	description.
      </P
><P
>	Full XLFD specifications are included in technical documentation for
	the X Window system and can be found online at <A
HREF="ftp://ftp.x.org/pub/R6.4/xc/doc/hardcopy/XLFD"
TARGET="_top"
>    
	  ftp://ftp.x.org/pub/R6.4/xc/doc/hardcopy/XLFD</A
>; most probably,
	you will never need it.
    </P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="GCALC"
>Simple Calculator</A
></H2
><P
><TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gcalc</TT
> is a full-featured calculator.
        <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GCALCFIG"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gcalcfig.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 15. Calculator</B
></P
></DIV
>


&#13;</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Calculator</TT
> can be started by
      selecting <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Simple Calculator</B
> from
      the <B
CLASS="GUISUBMENU"
>Utilities</B
> submenu of the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Main 
      Menu</B
>, or by running the command
      <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>gcalc</B
> on the command line.  
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-INTRO"
>GNOME Color Browser Introduction</A
></H2
><P
><TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Color Browser</TT
> is a utility for
   selecting screen (i.e., X window system) color. X window system
   comes with many pre-defined colors, from Alice Blue to Pale
   Goldenrod to Yellow Green. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Color
   Browser</TT
> lets you browse these colors and select one
   of them to use by an application. It also allows you define your
   own collection of favorite colors, or find a pre-defined color most
   closely matching a given one.</P
><P
>   To run <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Color Browser</TT
> select
   <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Color Browser</B
> from the
   <B
CLASS="GUISUBMENU"
>Utilities</B
> submenu of the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Main
   Menu</B
>, or type <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>gcolorsel</B
> on the command
   line. </P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-USAGE"
>GNOME Color Browser Usage</A
></H3
><P
>    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> is used for
    selecting a screen color to be used by an  application. Unlike the
    default color selector used by GNOME applications, the primary
    goal of <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> is to let
    you choose one of a list of already defined colors, hence the name
    "color  browser". It allows you to browse the list of all pre-defined
    system colors (see <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-SIMPLE"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Color Selector Simple browsing</I
></A
>), or define your own
    "favorite" colors (see <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-FAVORITES"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Color Selector Favorites</I
></A
>). It can also
    show you those colors from these lists which most closely match a
    given one (see <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-SEARCH"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Color Selector Search</I
></A
>).</P
><P
> Once you have found a color you like, there are two ways
      you can use this color in an application. The easiest way is to
      utilize drag and drop: all the color bars you see in the
      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> window can be
      drag-and-dropped onto any GNOME component which has configurable
      colors. For example, you can drag a color onto GNOME
      <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>Panel</SPAN
> to change Panel's background color,
      or onto GNOME Terminal to change its background.</P
><P
> You can also use the color with many X window applications
    which are not GNOME-compliant, for example with
    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>emacs</TT
> text editor. Most of X
    applications accept command line options <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>-bg
    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>COLOR</I
></TT
></B
> and  <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>-fg
    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>COLOR</I
></TT
></B
> to specify the
    background and foreground color. <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>COLOR</I
></TT
>
    can be either color name, as shown by <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color
    Browser</TT
> or its description by a triple of numbers,
    Red, Green, and Blue (RGB). For example, the command 
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>emacs -bg lightblue -fg darkgreen</B
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
     will start <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>emacs</TT
> with light blue
     background and dark green foreground. Note that contrary to
     common UNIX conventions, color names are
     case-insensitive.
     More information about colors in X window system, color depth,
     RGB values, is given in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-XCOLORS"
>the section called <I
>Colors in X Window System</I
></A
>. 
    </P
><P
>Note that <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> only allows you to select one of the
    colors known to it (system colors or favorites); you cannot
    use it to "create" new colors. For example, it does not allow you
    to select a color by entering its Red, Green and Blue (RGB)
    values. However, it does give you a list of known colors most
    closely matching given RGB values (see <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-SEARCH"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Color Selector Search</I
></A
> for
    details). 
     </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-MENUBAR"
>GNOME Color Selector Menus</A
></H3
><P
>    The menu bar, located at the top of the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color
    Browser</TT
> window, contains the following menus: 
   </P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>File</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>       This menu contains only one command, 
       <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Quit</B
> (<B
CLASS="SHORTCUT"
><SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>Ctrl-Q</SPAN
></B
>).        
      </P
></DD
><DT
><B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Settings</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>       This menu contains commands for changing various settings and
       preferences of <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
>: 
       <P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>          <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Format</B
>
           &#8212; this option allows you to change the format used by
           <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> for showing
           Red, Green and Blue (RGB) values for each color (see details in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-XCOLORS"
>the section called <I
>Colors in X Window System</I
></A
>). Unless
           you know what you are doing, it is best to use the default
           format (8-bit decimal). 
         </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>          <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Search update</B
>
          &#8212;this command is described in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-SEARCH"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Color Selector Search</I
></A
>.
         </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>          <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Search in </B
>
          &#8212;this command is described in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-SEARCH"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Color Selector Search</I
></A
>.
         </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>          <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>On drop</B
>
          &#8212;this command allows you to choose the default action
          to perform when you drop into <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color
          Browser </TT
> window a color from
          some different source, such as the default GNOME color
          selector. Possible options are <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Search
          it</B
></TT
>, i.e. automatically switch to
          <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Search</B
></TT
> window and show the best matches
          to the dropped color among the system colors and favorites,
          or <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Add to favorites</B
></TT
>, i.e. add the
          dropped color to your list of favorites.  
         </P
></LI
></UL
>
      </P
></DD
><DT
><B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Help</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>       This menu contains:
       <P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>          <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Manual</B
> &#8212;
          shows this manual.
         </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>          <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>About</B
> &#8212; shows
          basic information about
          <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
>, such as
          the author's name and the application version number.
         </P
></LI
></UL
>

      </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-TOOLBAR"
>GNOME Color Selector Toolbar</A
></H3
><P
> 
         The toolbar contains three buttons:
     <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Exit</B
>, which exits the program,
     <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>About</B
>, which shows basic information about
          <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
>, such as
          the author's name and the application version number, and
     <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Grab</B
>, which is used to grab a color 
     of a point anywhere on the screen; its use is described in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-SEARCH"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Color Selector Search</I
></A
>. 
     </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-SIMPLE"
>GNOME Color Selector Simple browsing</A
></H3
><P
> 
      This window, labelled <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Simple</B
></TT
>, shows you all
    pre-defined named  system colors, as shown in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-SIMPLEFIG"
>Figure 16</A
>. For each color, it shows a small sample,
    Red, Green and Blue (RGB) values, and color name.  
    These colors cannot be changed by the user (for advanced users,
    we note that these colors are defined in a special configuration
    file, <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>rgb.txt</TT
>, located in X11 library
    directory, usually <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/lib/X11R6/lib/X11</TT
>). 
    </P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-SIMPLEFIG"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gcolorsel-simple.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 16. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Color Selector</TT
> Main Window</B
></P
></DIV
><P
>As was mentioned before, you can drag any of the color
      rectangles to GNOME Panel, GNOME Terminal, and many other GNOME
      applications windows to change their background colors. 
    </P
><P
> 
      By default, the colors are listed alphabetically by name, which is
      indicated by a small downward triangle next to the label
      <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Name</B
></TT
>.  As with
      all GNOME applications, you can reverse the order by clicking on
      the word <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Name</B
></TT
> once. You can also have the list
      ordered by the RGB values, by clicking on 
      <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Value</B
></TT
>,  though it seems to be of little use. 
    </P
><P
> 
      You can change the default width of <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Color</B
></TT
>,
      <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Search</B
></TT
> and <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Name</B
></TT
> fields by
      dragging the separator between these fields with the left mouse
      button. 
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-SEARCH"
>GNOME Color Selector Search</A
></H3
><P
>This window, labelled <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Search</B
></TT
>, is used
    to find a system color most closely matching a given one. You can
    specify a color to match in several ways: by explicitly giving
    the RGB values using the sliders, by dragging and dropping a color
    from some other color source, such as default GNOME color
    selector (if you have selected the option 
     <B
CLASS="GUISUBMENU"
>On drop</B
>-&gt;<B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Search</B
> in <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Settings</B
> menu), or by grabbing
    a color of any pixel on the screen. To use this last method, click
    on <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Grab</B
> button in the toolbar. Your mouse
    cursor will turn into a "crosshair". Place this crosshair
    over any point of the screen and click. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color
    Browser </TT
> will analyze the
    color of this point, determine the RGB values, and show this color
    and the RGB values in the <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Search</B
></TT
> window. It
    will also show all system colors closely matching this one. 
    </P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-SEARCHFIG"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gcolorsel-search.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 17. GNOME Color Selector Search Window</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> shows only 
      those colors which match the given one
      "close enough", and orders them by how close they are, so that
      the best matches are shown first. You can adjust its tolerance
      by using the <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Tolerance</B
></TT
> slider: smaller
      values make <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> to be 
      more selective, so that only very close
      matches are shown. Setting the tolerance value to 0 will show
      only exact matches; setting tolerance to 100 will show all the
      colors. 
    </P
><P
>By default, <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> 
      only looks for matches among the system
      ("simple") colors. This can be changed using <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Search
      in...</B
> item in the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Settings
      menu</B
>, which allows you to enable or disable searches
      in "simple"(system) and "favorites" (personal) colors
      independently. 
    </P
><P
>Another configurable option is the update mode. By default,
    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> continuously 
    updates matches when you change the color (for example, by using
    the RGB sliders) &#8212;. If you find that this is slow on your
    system, you can use <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Settings</B
>-&gt;<B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Search update</B
> to change the update mode to
    <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Discontinuous</B
></TT
> (<TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color
    Browser</TT
> will only update
    matches after you released the slider) or
    <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Delayed</B
></TT
> ((<TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> will  update
    matches with a delay of about 1/2 second). 
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-FAVORITES"
>GNOME Color Selector Favorites</A
></H3
><P
>In addition to system colors, which are defined in a
    system-wide configuration file and are shown in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-SIMPLE"
>Simple browsing</A
> window,
    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> also
    allows you to define your personal favorite colors. You can browse
    these colors in <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Favorites</B
></TT
> window, shown in
    <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GCOLORSEL-FAVORITESFIG"
>Figure 18</A
>. You can use these colors in the same
    way as system-wide colors, by dragging them to a GNOME application
    such as GNOME Panel or GNOME Terminal to change background color.
    </P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-FAVORITESFIG"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gcolorsel-favorites.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 18. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Color Selector</TT
> Favorites Window</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> You can add a color to the list of favorites in several
    ways. First, you can click with the right mouse button on any of
    the system colors in <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Simple</B
></TT
> or
    <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Search</B
></TT
> windows and select
    <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Add to favorites</B
> from the
    <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>pop-up</B
> menu. Second,you can use drag and drop: if
    you have selected  the option 
    <B
CLASS="GUISUBMENU"
>On drop</B
>-&gt;<B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Add to favorites</B
>
   in <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Settings</B
> menu, then dragging a color from a
    GNOME color source, such as the default GNOME color selector onto
    the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gnome Color Browser</TT
> window
    automatically adds this color to the list of
    favorites.  Finally, you can also explicitly specify the RGB
    values for a color in the <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Search</B
></TT
> window, then
    right-click on the rectangle showing this color (to the right of
    RGB sliders) and select <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Add to
    favorites</B
> from the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>pop-up</B
>
    menu. In the same way, you can also add a color which you grabbed
    from the screen using <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Grab</B
> button in the
    toolbar. 
   </P
><P
> Right-clicking on any color in the
   <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Favorites</B
></TT
> window produces a
   <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>pop-up</B
> menu, which allows you to rename or
   remove a color.
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GCOLORSEL-XCOLORS"
>Colors in X Window System</A
></H3
><P
> In X Window system, each color is described by 3 numbers,
      namely the contents of Red, Green and Blue (as is well known,
      every color can be obtained by combining these three primary
      colors). These 3 values are commonly called the RGB
      values. Usually each of them is allowed to range from 0 to 255;
      for example, triple (0,0,0) is black, (255,0,0) is pure red, and
      (255, 255, 255) is white.  
      </P
><P
> The total number of possible colors is thus
      256×256×256=2<SUP
>24</SUP
>=16,777,216.
      Of course, whether or not your system is actually able to show
      that many different colors depends on the configuration of X
      Window system, which is limited by the capabilities of your
      video card. Most modern video cards are capable of showing all
      these colors; some older cards will only be able to use
      2<SUP
>16</SUP
>=64,536 (colordepth 16) or even
      2<SUP
>8</SUP
>=256 (colordepth 8) colors. In this
      case, X Window System will still use triples like (234, 112,
      243) for describing RGB values, but some of these triples will
      produce identical colors. More information about colors can be
      found in the manual page for X. 
	</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="GLESS"
>Text File Viewer</A
></H2
><P
>      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gless</TT
> is a program for viewing, but
      not modifying, text files. It is similar to the GNU program
      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>less</TT
>.


        <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GLESSFIG"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/glessfig.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 19. Text File Viewer</B
></P
></DIV
>
       </P
><P
><TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Text File Viewer</TT
> can be started by
      selecting <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Text File Viewer</B
> from
      the <B
CLASS="GUISUBMENU"
>Utilities</B
> submenu of the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Main 
      Menu</B
>, or by running the command
      <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>gless</B
> on the command line.  
    </P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GLESS-MENUBAR"
>Menus</A
></H3
><P
>         The menu bar, located at the top of the <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>Main
         Window</SPAN
>, provides the following commands:
      </P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>File</B
></DT
><DD
><P
> This menu contains commands
              <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>New Window</B
> (<B
CLASS="SHORTCUT"
><SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>Alt-N</SPAN
></B
>), 

              <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Open</B
> (<B
CLASS="SHORTCUT"
><SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>Alt-O, F3</SPAN
></B
>), 

	      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Save As</B
> (<B
CLASS="SHORTCUT"
><SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>Ctrl-A</SPAN
></B
>), 
              <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Close</B
> (<B
CLASS="SHORTCUT"
><SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>Alt-W</SPAN
></B
>) 
	      and
	      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Quit</B
> (<B
CLASS="SHORTCUT"
><SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>Alt-Q</SPAN
></B
>)
	      all of which are self-explanatory.
	    </P
></DD
><DT
><B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Edit</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>	      This menu contains
              <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Find</B
> (<B
CLASS="SHORTCUT"
><SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>Alt-F, F6</SPAN
></B
>), which opens up a dialog box allowing you
	      to enter a word to be searched for, and
              <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Find Again</B
> (<B
CLASS="SHORTCUT"
><SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>Alt-A, Shift-F6</SPAN
></B
>), which searches for the next occurrence of
	      the same word.</P
></DD
><DT
><B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Settings</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>	      This menu contains only one command,
              <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Fixed Font</B
> (<B
CLASS="SHORTCUT"
><SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>Ctl-F</SPAN
></B
>), which toggles
		between a fixed font display and a proportional font display.
	     
	      </P
></DD
><DT
><B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Help</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>	      This menu contains commands
	      <P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
><B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Manual</B
> &#8212;
		    shows this manual
		  </P
></LI
><LI
><P
><B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>About</B
> &#8212;
		    shows basic information about
		    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Gless</TT
>, such as
		    author's name and version number.
		  </P
></LI
></UL
>

	      </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="GSEARCHTOOL-INTRO"
>GNOME Search Tool</A
></H2
><P
>       <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
> is a utility for
       searching files on your system. It can perform many types of
       search: by filename, by modification date, by file contents,
       etc. 
    </P
><P
> The search tool can be started by selecting
      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>GNOME Search Tool</B
> from
      <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Utilities</B
> submenu of the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Main
      Menu</B
>, or by running the command
      <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>gsearchtool</B
> on the command line.  
    </P
><P
>      Note that <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
> is just a
      front-end to the UNIX commands <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>find</B
>,
      <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>grep</B
>, and <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>locate</B
>. These
      commands are extremely powerful, but not very easy for a new
      user. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
> provides an
      easy-to-use interface for most common uses of these commands. If
      you need to perform some type of search which is not covered by
      the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
>, chances are
      that you can do it from the command line, using
      <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>find</B
> and <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>grep</B
> with
      appropriate options. In this case, you should read the info
      pages for these commands, which can be done using the
      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Help Browser</TT
>.
    </P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GSEARCHTOOL-USAGE"
>GNOME Search Tool Usage</A
></H3
><P
>    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
> provides two types of
    search: <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Full find</I
> and <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Quick
    find</I
>. Full find is reliable and provides many
    possibilities, but can be slow. Quick find uses special technique
    for speeding up search; it is much faster, but can only search by
    filename, and is not as accurate as full find. This section
    describes full find mode; quick find is described in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSEARCHTOOL-LOCATE"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Search Tool Quick find mode</I
></A
>.  
    </P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GSEARCHTOOL-MAINWIN"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gsearchtool-mainwin.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 20. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
> Main search window</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> 
      To start a search, you must give the GNOME Search Tool the
      search criteria and the directory to start in. 
    </P
><P
> By default, the search starts in the current working
      directory; if the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
>
      was started from the menu, then the current working directory is
      your home directory. You can change the starting directory by
      entering any valid path in the <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Start in
      directory</B
></TT
> field, or by choosing a directory using the
      <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Browse...</B
> button. For example, to search
      through all the files in on your system, enter
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/</TT
> in this field (warning: it will take a
      <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
> very</I
> long time).</P
><P
> By default, <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
>
      also searches through all subdirectories of the given directory;
      you can turn this behavior off by enabling the option
      <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Don't search subdirectories</B
></TT
>. For finer
      control, you can enable the option <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Don't search
      mounted filesystems</B
></TT
>, which will exclude from the
      search subdirectories which are physically located (mounted) on
      drives or partitions other than the starting directory &#8212;
      see <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSEARCHTOOL-CRITERIA"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Search Tool Search Criteria</I
></A
> for details.
    </P
><P
> 
      The only search criterion presented by default is the
      <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Filename</B
></TT
>. You can use the wildcards
      <SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>*</SPAN
> 
      (matches any sequence of symbols, including an empty one) and
      <SPAN
CLASS="KEYSYM"
>?</SPAN
> 
      (matches any single symbol) in this field. For example, to find
      the files with the extension <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>txt</TT
>, enter
      <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>*.txt</B
></TT
> in this field; to find all the
      files that start with the letter D, enter
      <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>D*</B
></TT
> (warning: file names are
      case-sensitive!).  You can also specify much more complicated
      search criteria &#8212; see <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSEARCHTOOL-CRITERIA"
>the section called <I
>GNOME Search Tool Search Criteria</I
></A
>.
   </P
><P
> After you have specified the search criteria and starting
   directory, press <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Start</B
>. This will take some
   time (depending on the directory size and system speed), after
   which you will be presented with a window containing the list of
   all the files matching your criteria (it may be empty), as shown in
   <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSEARCHTOOL-RESULTS"
>Figure 21</A
>. If the search is taking too much time,
   you can abort it by pressing <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Stop</B
> button.
   </P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GSEARCHTOOL-RESULTS"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gsearchtool-results.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 21. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
> Search results window</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> In the search results window, you can double-click on any
      file to open it. It will have the same effect as double-clicking
      on this file in a File Manager window &#8212; that is, the file
      will be opened using the default action for this file type. You
      can also save the list of found files  to disk by pressing
      <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Save</B
> button. You will be prompted for a
      filename to save the list to; the list will be saved in a plain
      text format. 
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GSEARCHTOOL-CRITERIA"
>GNOME Search Tool Search Criteria</A
></H3
><P
> In addition to the simple filename search described above,
      the GNOME Search Tool allows you to specify other criteria. To do
      so, you should select the appropriate criteria type from the
      drop-down list (located to the left of the
      <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Add</B
> button), and press
      <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Add</B
>. This will add this criterion to the
      already existing ones. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search
      Tool</TT
> will search for files meeting
      <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>all</I
> of the specified criteria. For example,
      <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSEARCHTOOL-SAMPLE"
>Figure 22</A
> shows search for all files with extension
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>txt</TT
> which were modified during the last 7
      days and which contain the word GNOME.
    </P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GSEARCHTOOL-SAMPLE"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gsearchtool-gsearch.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 22. Sample GNOME Search Session</B
></P
></DIV
><P
>      You can remove any of the criteria you had previously added by
      pressing <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Remove</B
> button next to it. You can also
      temporarily disable a criterion by unchecking the
      <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Enable</B
> check-button next to it. 
    </P
><P
> 
      Below is the list of all possible criteria types: 
      <P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> 
	    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Filename</I
>  &#8212; search by filename. As
	    usual, you can use the wildcards * and ? in the
	    search. Remember also that UNIX file names are
	    case-sensitive. 
	</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Don't search subdirectories</I
> &#8212; if
           this option is selected, GNOME Search Tool will not search
           the files in the subdirectories of the start directory.
           </P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 
	    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>File owner</I
>  &#8212; search by the name of
	    the user owning the file.
	</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 
	    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>File owner group</I
>  &#8212; search by the name
	    of the group owning the file. 
	</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 
	    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Last modification time</I
>  &#8212; search for
	    files which were modified during the last N days (to be
	    precise, during the last N*24 hours).  
	</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Don't search mounted
	  filesystems</I
> &#8212; if this option is selected,
	  <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
> will only
	  search in the subdirectories which are mounted on the same
	  device (disk) as the starting directory. For example, if the
	  starting directory is <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/</TT
> and is mounted
	  on <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev/hda</TT
> (first hard drive), and it
	  has a subdirectory <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/home</TT
> which is
	  mounted on <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev/hdb</TT
> (second hard
	  drive), then <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/home</TT
> will not be
	  searched. This option can be useful to exclude files on the
	  removable media (CD-ROM, floppy) from the search.
	  </P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Empty file</I
> &#8212; this criterion
	    matches the empty file. Mostly used by system
	    administrators for system maintenance.  
	  </P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 
	  <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Invalid user or group</I
> &#8212; matches files
	    whose owner or group is not known to the system. This
	    option can be useful when searching for files belonging to
	    users who have been removed from the system. Mostly used
	    by system administrators for system maintenance.   
	</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 
	    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Filenames except</I
> &#8212;
	    matches all files except those whose filename is given. As
	    before, you can use wildcards. For example, if you specify
	    in this field <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>*~</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME
	    Search Tool</TT
> will exclude from the search all
	    files with names ending with tilde (~).
	  </P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 
            <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Simple substring search</I
>
	    &#8212; matches all files that
	    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>contain</I
> given substring. Since this
	    option involves reading contents of every file, it can
	    slow down the search significantly. Note: you can't use
	    wildcards with this option.  
	  </P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Regular expression
	  search</I
> &#8212; matches all files that
	  <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>contain</I
> given regular expression.
	  Since this option involves reading contents of every file,
	  it can slow down the search significantly.
	  </P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 
	    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Extended regular expression
	      search</I
> &#8212; matches all files that
	    <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>contain</I
> given extended regular
	    expression. Since this option involves reading contents of
	    every file, it can slow down the search significantly.
          </P
></LI
></UL
>

      For those unfamiliar with the notion of regular expression, let
      us just say that this is an extremely flexible and powerful
      syntax for pattern matching. Unlike simple wildcard matching, it
      allows logical operations (and, or, not), lists of symbols to
      match, checking for a string in the beginning of the line, and
      much more. Detailed description of regular expressions and
      extended regular expressions can be found in the man page for
      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>grep</TT
>. New users will probably find it too
      complicated to use, but for more experienced users, regular
      expressions can be very useful.
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GSEARCHTOOL-LOCATE"
>GNOME Search Tool Quick find mode</A
></H3
><P
> 
      This section describes quick find mode of <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME
    search tool</TT
>. To use this mode, switch to
    <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Quick find (locate)</B
></TT
> window, shown in 
    <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSEARCHTOOL-LOCATEWIN"
>Figure 23</A
>. </P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GSEARCHTOOL-LOCATEWIN"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gsearchtool-locate.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 23. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search Tool</TT
> Quick find window</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> In the quick search mode, <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search
      tool</TT
> does not actually search for a file on the
      disk &#8212; instead, it uses a special database containing the
      names of all the files on the system. It makes search much
      faster. However, it also means that the only type of search you
      can do is by filename. Moreover, this search will not find files
      which were added after the last database update (on most
      systems, it is updated daily, usually at night &#8212; see below
      for more info).
    </P
><P
> To find a file using the quick search mode, just enter a
      substring of the file name in the <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Locate
      file</B
></TT
> field. For example, to find all the files whose
      filenames contain the string "searchtool", enter
      <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>searchtool</B
></TT
> in this field. This will also
      show all the files that contain the string "searchtool" in their
      full pathname &#8212; in particular, all the files in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/share/help/gsearchtool</TT
>.
    </P
><P
> To restrict search to a subdirectory, you can use the
      directory name in combination with the wildcards. For example,
      to do quick search for all files with extension
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>txt</TT
> in the directory <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/home/user</TT
>, enter <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>      /home/user/*.txt</B
></TT
> in the <TT
CLASS="GUILABEL"
><B
>Locate
      file</B
></TT
> field.
    </P
><P
>The quick search mode is actually a front-end to <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>locate
      </B
> command, so if you need more detailed information,
      read the appropriate manual page. 
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GSEARCHTOOL-LOCATEDB"
>The locate database</A
></H3
><P
>	This section discusses updating the database used for quick
	search. Unless you are a system administrator or just curious,
	you do not need to read it. 
      </P
><P
>	On most systems, the database used for
	<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>locate</B
> command (and thus, for quick search
	mode of <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GNOME Search tool</TT
>), is
	updated daily, usually at nights. This is done as a
	<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>cron</B
> job &#8212; see the manual page for
	<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>cron</B
> if you are unfamiliar with this
	utility. Note that if your computer is usually turned off at
	night time, the database doesn't get updated. In this case,
	you should change the default update time by either manually
	editing <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/crontab</TT
> or using a graphical
	tool such as <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>cromagnon</TT
>. This
	requires system administrator (root) privileges.
      </P
><P
>You can also issue the command "Update database now" by
      running the command <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>updatedb</B
>. Again, this
      requires system administrator (root) privileges. Without any
      options, it rebuilds the whole database, for all the files on
      your system. It also has many command line options allowing you
      to fine-tune it (for example, instructing it to skip certain
      directories). For more information, read the manual page for
      <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>updatedb</B
>.
      </P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-INTRO"
>GNOME Stripchart</A
></H2
><P
>The GNOME <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program
    charts various user-specified parameters as a function of time.
    Its main use is to chart system performance parameters such as CPU
    load, CPU utilization, network traffic levels, and the like.
    Other more ingenious uses are left as an exercise for the
    interested user.</P
><P
>The <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program
    periodically reads data from a file, extracts a value, and
    displays these values in one of several formats.  The default
    format is a graphical display similar to that of a stripchart
    recorder.  Hence the name,
    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
>.</P
><P
>On systems such as Linux, in which system parameters are
    available in human-readable form in the /proc directory, the
    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program makes a dandy
    performance monitoring tool, similar to but more versatile than
    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>xload</TT
>.</P
><P
>Instead of being limited to a few standard performance
    parameters, the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program can
    plot any time-variant parameter than can be read from a file or
    pipe.  This ability to read data from a pipe provides a very
    versatile and easy to use method of setting up custom
    displays.</P
><P
>The <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program can be
    started by selecting <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Stripchart Plotter</B
>
    item from the <B
CLASS="GUISUBMENU"
>Utilities</B
> submenu of the
    <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Main Menu</B
>, or by running the command
    <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>gstripchart</B
> on the command line.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-USAGE"
>Using gstripchart</A
></H3
><P
>Although the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program
    can be used to plot very nearly any parameter that is of interest,
    the default configuration will produce a useful overview of the
    performance parameters of the system that it's being run on.  This
    section describes basic usage of the
    <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program in its default
    configuration.  A description of how to customize the parameters
    that are plotted is provided later in this document.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-MAINWIN"
>Gstripchart Basic usage</A
></H3
><P
>When you first start
      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
>, you see the
      <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>main window</SPAN
>, as shown in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSTRIPCHART-MAIN"
>Figure 24</A
>.
      <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-MAIN"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gstripchart-main.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 24. Stripchart Plotter Main Window</B
></P
></DIV
>
      </P
><P
>In its default configuration, the
      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> creates a 200 by 50 pixel
      window that contains two main elements &#8212; a scrolling
      "strip" on the left, and a series of "pens" on the right.  When
      using the default configuration, there will be a "pen" and a
      "strip" line showing the current and recently past values of
      system's CPU utilization in blue, the one minute load average in
      yellow, the percentage of swap space in use in white, and the
      inbound and outbound network traffic volumes in red and green,
      respectively.  If a PPP interface is currently active, a green
      indicator light will be displayed in the upper left corner of
      the main window.</P
><P
>Clicking on the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
>
      <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>main window</SPAN
> with mouse button one will
      pop up a <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>numeric value</SPAN
> window.  The
      <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>numeric value</SPAN
> window corresponding to the
      main window shown in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSTRIPCHART-MAIN"
>Figure 24</A
> is shown below in
      <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSTRIPCHART-TEXT"
>Figure 25</A
>.
      <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-TEXT"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gstripchart-text.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 25. Stripchart Parameter Numeric Value Window</B
></P
></DIV
>
      This window provides a multi-line, text-based display of the
      name, current value, and full-scale value of each of the
      parameters being plotted.  It can be dismissed either by
      clicking on the <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>close</B
> button in the
      title bar of the <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>numeric value</SPAN
> window, or
      by a second mouse click in the <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>main
      window</SPAN
>.
      </P
><P
>Clicking on the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
>
      <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>main window</SPAN
> with mouse button three will
      pop up an <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Application</B
> menu containing
      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Help</B
>,
      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>About</B
>,
      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Params</B
>, and
      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Exit</B
> menu items.  The
      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Help</B
> and
      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>About</B
> menu items display this help
      information and the usual about box, respectively, and the
      <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Exit</B
> menu item terminates the
      execution of the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>stripchart</TT
> program.
      The <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>Params</B
> displays a window
      containing a notebook with a page describing the details of each
      parameter, as shown in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSTRIPCHART-PARAM"
>Figure 26</A
>.
      <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-PARAM"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gstripchart-param.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 26. Stripchart Parameter Window</B
></P
></DIV
>
      </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-PREFS"
>Stripchart Customization</A
></H3
><P
>The <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program
    determines the parameters to display by reading a configuration
    file.  The <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program will
    look for a configuration file in the following order:
    <P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>first, for a file specified on the command
      line, </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>then, for a file named
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>gstripchart.conf</TT
> in the current working
      directory, </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>then, for a file named
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.gstripchart.conf</TT
> in the users home
      directory, </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>then, for a file named
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/gstripchart.conf</TT
>, </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>and finally, for a file named
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>gstripchart.conf</TT
> in the
      <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>CONFDIR</I
></TT
> directory, which will usually
      be either <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/share/gstripchart/</TT
> or
      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/local/share/gstripchart/</TT
>.
      </P
></LI
></UL
>

    If no configuration file is found, the program displays an error
    message and exits.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-OPTIONS"
>Stripchart Options</A
></H3
><P
>There are a few command line switches that can be used to
      alter the behavior of the program.  In addition to the common
      help, usage, version, Gnome, Gtk, and Session management
      options, the following gstripchart-specific options are
      available:</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>&#8211;&#8211;geometry
	    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>GEOMETRY-SPEC</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>A standard X11 geometry specification of the form
	    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>WxH±X±Y</I
></TT
>. </P
></DD
><DT
>&#8211;&#8211;config-file
	    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>FILENAME</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Specifies a file from which to read configuration
	    information, overriding the normal configuration file
	    search order.</P
></DD
><DT
>&#8211;&#8211;chart-interval
	    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>UPDATE-INTERVAL</I
></TT
>, &#8211;&#8211;slider-interval
	    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>UPDATE-INTERVAL</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Specifies the time interval in seconds between
	    updates to the chart window and slider window.  If
	    unspecified, the chart window will be updated every 5
	    seconds and the slider window will be updated every 0.2
	    seconds. </P
></DD
><DT
>&#8211;&#8211;chart-filter
	    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TIME-CONSTANT</I
></TT
>, &#8211;&#8211;slider-filter
	    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TIME-CONSTANT</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Specifies the time constant in seconds to be used
	    in low-pass filtering the data displayed in the chart or
	    slider windows.  A time constant of 0 seconds turns
	    low-pass filtering off, which can result in a jumpy
	    display.  A time constant in the same range as the
	    interval parameter, described above, is usually a good
	    choice.  Much larger values cause display updates to
	    become sluggish.  If unspecified, no low pass filtering is
	    performed in either window. </P
></DD
><DT
>&#8211;&#8211;menubar</DT
><DD
><P
>Adds an application menu bar to the main window.
	    Normally this is omitted, and the menu is popped up by
	    right-clicking on the chart window.</P
></DD
><DT
>&#8211;&#8211;omit-slider</DT
><DD
><P
>Causes the display of the slider window to be
	    suppressed. </P
></DD
><DT
>&#8211;&#8211;display-type
	    <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TYPE</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TYPE</I
></TT
> specifies the type
	      of display to be generated.  The
	      <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TYPE</I
></TT
> specifier can be one of:
	      </P
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>gtk &#8212; use the default gtk-based
	      graphic display; </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>applet &#8212; run as an applet in the
	      Gnome panel. </P
></LI
></UL
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-CONFIG"
>Stripchart Configuration File</A
></H3
><P
>The behavior of the
      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> program is determined by
      the contents of the configuration file that it reads at startup.
      This file is located as described in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSTRIPCHART-PREFS"
>the section called <I
>Stripchart Customization</I
></A
>&#62;
      </P
><P
>This configuration file contains a series of optional
      application-wide configuration options described in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSTRIPCHART-APP-OPTS"
>the section called <I
>Application-Wide Configuration Options</I
></A
>&#62;, followed by a series of parameter
      configuration options described in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSTRIPCHART-PARAM-OPTS"
>the section called <I
>Parameter Configuration Options</I
></A
>&#62;, one for each parameter to be plotted.  Each of these
      configuration file lines is comprised of RFC-822 style
      "keyword: value" pairs.  A comment can be included anywhere
      within the configuration file by putting a sharp sign (#) in the
      first column of each comment line, and blank lines can be used
      wherever they will improve readability. </P
><P
>Here's an example of the initial portion of a
      <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> configuration file.  It
      begins (as all files should) with a comment describing the
      purpose of the file.  The comment is followed by three
      application-wide configuration options.  The first sets the
      chart interval to 5.000, so that the "strip" portion of the
      display is updated every 5 seconds.  Next, the minor tick
      interval is set to 12 chart update periods, producing a minor
      tick mark on the display at one-minute intervals.  Finally, the
      major tick interval is set to 5 minor tick periods, producing a
      major tick mark on the display at five-minute intervals. </P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>&#13;#
# gstripchart.conf --
#   an example configuration file 
#   for the GNOME stripchart program.
#

chart-interval:		5.000

minor_ticks:		12
major_ticks:		5</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>The following application-wide configuration option
      keywords are available.  Some are optional; some are only used
      by certain display types; many have reasonable default values,
      as described below. </P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-APP-OPTS"
>Application-Wide Configuration Options</A
></H4
><P
>The first group of keywords provide the same functions as
	the command line switches described in the previous section.
	The options in this group must be placed at the beginning of the
	configuration file, prior to the parameter definition section.
	If a value is supplied for any of these parameters both in the
	configuration file and on the command line, the command line
	value takes precedence. </P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>chart-interval: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>UPDATE-INTERVAL</I
></TT
>, slider-interval: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>UPDATE-INTERVAL</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Specifies the time interval in seconds between
	      updates to the chart window and slider window as described
	      previously under <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSTRIPCHART-OPTIONS"
>the section called <I
>Stripchart Options</I
></A
>&#62;. </P
></DD
><DT
>chart-filter: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TIME-CONSTANT</I
></TT
>, slider-filter: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TIME-CONSTANT</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Specifies the time constant in seconds to be used
	      in low-pass filtering the data displayed in the chart or
	      slider windows as described previously under <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GSTRIPCHART-OPTIONS"
>the section called <I
>Stripchart Options</I
></A
>&#62;. </P
></DD
><DT
>menu: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>YES-OR-NO</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Adds or omits an application menu bar to the main
	      window.</P
></DD
><DT
>slider: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>YES-OR-NO</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Adds or omits the "pen" display to the main window.
	      </P
></DD
><DT
>minor_ticks: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>INTERVAL-COUNT</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Sets the number of pixels (update intervals)
	      between minor tick marks on the gtk and applet displays.
	      </P
></DD
><DT
>major_ticks: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>INTERVAL-COUNT</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Sets the number of pixels (update intervals)
	      between major tick marks on the gtk and applet displays.
	      </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-PARAM-OPTS"
>Parameter Configuration Options</A
></H4
><P
>The second portion of the
	<TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
> configuration file
	contains a series of parameter description groups, one group
	for each parameter to be plotted.  Each parameter group is
	made up of a "begin" and "end" pair of lines enclosing the
	remaining parameter definition lines.  In addition to the
	"begin" and "end" statements, each parameter group must
	contain an equation statement, which determines the value to
	be displayed, and either a "color" or a "lights" statement,
	which determines the display format for the parameter. </P
><P
>For example, a very minimal parameter definition would
	be the following system load average parameter. </P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>&#13;# Load -- display the system one minute load average

begin:		Load
  color:	yellow
  equation:	$load_1m
end:		Load</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
> </P
><P
>The following keywords are available to be used to
	define the way that a parameter is displayed. </P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>begin: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>[ PARAMETER-NAME ]</I
></TT
>, identifier: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>[ PARAMETER-NAME 
              ]</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Introduces a parameter definition, and assigns a
	      name to the parameter.  This line
	      <I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>must</I
> be the first line of a
	      parameter description.  The "begin" and "identifier"
	      keywords are synonymous. The
	      <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>PARAMETER-NAME</I
></TT
> is optional,
	      but if supplied must match the
	      <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>PARAMETER-NAME</I
></TT
> used in the
	      corresponding "end" statement. </P
></DD
><DT
>end: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>[ PARAMETER-NAME ]</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Closes a parameter block introduced by the
	      "begin" or "identifier" keyword. The
	      <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>PARAMETER-NAME</I
></TT
> must match any
	      <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>PARAMETER-NAME</I
></TT
> supplied in
	      the corresponding "begin" statement. </P
></DD
><DT
>equation: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>STRING</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>An equation used to obtain the value to be plotted
	      for this parameter. </P
><P
>A value is obtained by evaluating the "equation"
	      line using these field values.  The first (or only)
	      value is denoted by $1, the next by $2, and so forth.
	      The difference between the field values between the last
	      and the current iteration is denoted by ~1, ~2, and so
	      forth.  The elapsed time in seconds between the last and
	      current iteration is ~t.  The requested update interval
	      is $i, and the delta (which will always be zero) is
	      ~i.</P
><P
>The usual infix arithmetic operators &#8212;
	      addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*),
	      division (/), and remaindering (%) &#8212; are
	      available, along with parenthesis for grouping
	      subexpressions. </P
></DD
><DT
>color: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>COLOR-NAME</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Determines the color to be used in displaying a
	      parameter.  The color names and their RGB values are
	      taken from X11/rgb.txt. </P
></DD
><DT
>filename: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>FILENAME</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>The file from which a parameter value is read.
	      When a filename beginning with a "|" is supplied, input
	      lines will be read from a pipe. </P
><P
>On each iteration, a value to be displayed is
	      obtained for each parameter in the configuration file.
	      The file named in the "filename" line is opened --
	      either as a pipe if the filename begins with a pipe
	      character ( | ), or as a regular file otherwise -- and a
	      line is read. </P
><P
>If a pattern was specified, lines are read until
	      one is found that contains the pattern string anywhere
	      in the line.  This line is split into a series of
	      whitespace separated fields, each of which is
	      interpreted as a floating point number. </P
></DD
><DT
>lights:
	      <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>COLOR-NAME [, COLOR-NAME...]</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>If a parameter block contains a "lights:" line
	      instead of a "color:" line, the parameter will not be
	      plotted.  Rather, a small square in one of the supplied
	      colors is displayed near the upper-left corner of the
	      display.  The color used is based on the value of the
	      parameter.  A value of less that 0.5 leaves the light in
	      the background color; a value between 0.5 and 1.5
	      displays a light in the first color; a value between 1.5
	      and 2.5 displays a light in the second color; and so
	      forth for as many colors were supplied on the "lights:"
	      line. </P
></DD
><DT
>pattern: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>STRING</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>The pattern which identifies the line from which
	      a parameter value is to be extracted.  If no pattern is
	      provided, the first line of the file is used. </P
></DD
><DT
>scale: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>LOG-OR-LINEAR</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Specifies whether a logarithmic or linear scale
	      factor is to be used when plotting a parameter value. </P
></DD
><DT
>maximum: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>NUMBER</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>The largest value that can be displayed.  Any
	      value in excess of the maximum will be plotted at the
	      top of the display.  If omitted, a default value of 1.0
	      is used. </P
></DD
><DT
>minimum: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>NUMBER</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>The smallest value that can be displayed.  Any
	      value less than the minimum will be plotted at the
	      bottom of the display.  If omitted, a default value of
	      0.0 is used.  </P
></DD
><DT
>active: <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>YES-OR-NO</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>If a parameter is marked "active: no", it will
	      not be displayed.  This provides a convenient way to
	      disable a parameter without deleting it from a parameter
	      file. </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="GSTRIPCHART-LIBGTOP"
>Stripchart libgtop Values</A
></H4
><P
>Normally, the <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>gstripchart</TT
>
	program will be built with the libgtop library linked in.  The
	libgtop library provides a portable and well-standardized
	method of accessing common system performance parameters.
	This is the preferred method of obtaining a value to be
	plotted.</P
><P
>The following libgtop parameters are available: </P
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>CPU Statistics &#8212; cpu_total,
	    cpu_user, cpu_nice, cpu_sys, cpu_idle, and cpu_freq
	    </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Memory Statistics &#8212; mem_total,
	    mem_used, mem_free, mem_shared, mem_buffer, mem_cached,
	    mem_user, mem_locked </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Swap Statistics &#8212; swap_total,
	    swap_used, swap_free, swap_pagein, swap_pageout </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Uptime Statistics &#8212; uptime, idletime
	    </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Loadavg Statistics &#8212; load_running,
	    load_tasks, load_1m, load_5m, load_15m </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Network Statistics &#8212; net_pkts_in,
	    net_pkts_out, net_pkts_total, net_bytes_in, net_bytes_out,
	    net_bytes_total, net_errs_in, net_errs_out, net_errs_total
	    </P
><P
>Note that the network statistic values don't use the
	    libgtop library.  Instead, they are read directly from
	    /proc/net/dev, and so are only available under
	    Linux. </P
></LI
></UL
><P
>These are all signed long integer quantities, except
	for uptime, idletime, and the five load values which are
	floating point values. </P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-INTRO"
>Gfloppy</A
></H2
><P
><TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GFloppy</TT
> is a simple floppy
      formatter for Linux. You may need to format your floppies when
      they are new.</P
><P
>To run <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GFloppy</TT
>, select
   <B
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
>gfloppy</B
> from the
   <B
CLASS="GUISUBMENU"
>Utilities</B
> submenu of the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Main
   Menu</B
>, right click on the floppy icon on your desktop and
   select <B
CLASS="GUISUBMENU"
>Format Floppy</B
>, or type
   <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>gfloppy</B
> on the command line. </P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-USAGE"
>Using GFloppy</A
></H3
><P
>    Starting <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GFloppy</TT
> opens the
    <SPAN
CLASS="INTERFACE"
>Main window</SPAN
>, shown in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFLOPPY-MAINWINDOW"
>Figure 27</A
>.

    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-MAINWINDOW"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-main.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 27. <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GFloppy</TT
> Main Window</B
></P
></DIV
>
   </P
><P
>    Don't forget to insert a non-write-protected floppy.
   </P
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="./stylesheet-images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>WARNING</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>     GFloppy will destroy all files on your floppy! Do not format floppies
     which contain files you wish to keep.
    </P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>    Select your file system type. If you need to use your floppy under
    DOS or Windows, choose <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>DOS (FAT16)</B
>. Otherwise,
    choose <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Linux Native (ext2)</B
>, since it is technically
    superior, but cannot be read on most non-Linux machines.
   </P
><P
>    GFloppy needs to know your floppy's density (the amount of data
    it can hold). Nowadays, most are High Density, 1.44MB 3.5" floppies.
   </P
><P
>    Quick format does not check your floppy for bad "blocks", so it is
    considerably faster. However, if you have not formatted your floppy
    before, or suspect it might be bad, you are better off
    with a regular, slow format.
   </P
><P
>    Now, click <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Format</B
> to start formatting your
    floppy, as shown in the following figures.
   </P
><P
>    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-FORMATTING"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-formatting.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 28. Formatting...</B
></P
></DIV
>
   </P
><P
>    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-VERIFYING"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-verifying.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 29. Verifying...</B
></P
></DIV
>
   </P
><P
>    Unless you selected <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Quick Format</B
>, GFloppy will
    check for <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFLOPPY-BADBLOCKS"
>bad "blocks"</A
> on your floppy.
    If it finds any, your floppy is getting worn out and should be replaced.

    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-BADBLOCKS"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-badblocks.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 30. Checking for bad blocks...</B
></P
></DIV
>
   </P
><P
>    If all went well, GFloppy will let you know it was successful
    (<A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFLOPPY-SUCCESSFUL"
>Figure 31</A
>), and ask you if you want to <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFLOPPY-ANOTHER"
>format another</A
>. If you click
    <B
CLASS="GUIBUTTON"
>Yes</B
>, GFloppy will place you back at the <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFLOPPY-MAINWINDOW"
>main screen</A
>, otherwise it will quit.

    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-SUCCESSFUL"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-successful.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 31. Success!</B
></P
></DIV
>

    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-ANOTHER"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-another.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 32. Format another?</B
></P
></DIV
>
   </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-TROUBLESHOOTING"
>GFloppy Troubleshooting</A
></H3
><P
>    If you forget to insert a floppy for a slow format, GFloppy will show
    <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFLOPPY-NODISK"
>Figure 33</A
>.
    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-NODISK"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-nodisk.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 33. No floppy disk</B
></P
></DIV
>
   </P
><P
>    If GFloppy displays <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFLOPPY-WRITEPROTECTED"
>Figure 34</A
> under a slow format,
    your floppy is write protected. To un-write protect your floppy, eject it,
    and turn it over. Standard 3.5" floppies will have a small black tab in
    the upper-left corner - slide it down so it covers the hole. If your 3.5"
    floppy does not have a black tab, it is permanently write protected, and
    you should get another floppy.
    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-WRITEPROTECTED"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-writeprotected.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 34. Write protected</B
></P
></DIV
>
   </P
><P
>    When performing a quick format, GFloppy will show you <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFLOPPY-QFERROR"
>Figure 35</A
> if you forgot to insert a floppy, or if it is write
    protected.
    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-QFERROR"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-qferror.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 35. Quick Format - no floppy or write protected</B
></P
></DIV
>
   </P
><P
>    If you can't choose to format DOS floppies, as shown in <A
HREF="gnome-utils-utilities.html#GFLOPPY-NODOS"
>Figure 36</A
>, you need to install <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>mtools</TT
>.
   </P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
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BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
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HSPACE="5"
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>TIP</B
></TH
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><P
>	    On an RPM based system, such as Red Hat, you can install <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>	      mtools</TT
> using <TT
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GnoRPM</TT
>, from the
	    <B
CLASS="GUISUBMENU"
>System</B
> of
	    the <B
CLASS="GUIMENU"
>Main Menu</B
>.
	  </P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>    <DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="GFLOPPY-NODOS"
></A
><P
><IMG
SRC="./figs/gfloppy-nodos.png"></P
><P
><B
>Figure 36. Cannot format DOS floppies</B
></P
></DIV
>
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