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 <b class=title>Python Library Reference</b></td>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION002000000000000000000">
Contents</A>
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<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html270"
 HREF="contents.html">Contents</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html271"
 HREF="intro.html">1. Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html272"
 HREF="builtin.html">2. Built-in Types, Exceptions and Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html273"
 HREF="types.html">2.1 Built-in Types </A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html274"
 HREF="truth.html">2.1.1 Truth Value Testing </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html275"
 HREF="boolean.html">2.1.2 Boolean Operations </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html276"
 HREF="comparisons.html">2.1.3 Comparisons </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html277"
 HREF="typesnumeric.html">2.1.4 Numeric Types </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html278"
 HREF="typesseq.html">2.1.5 Sequence Types </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html279"
 HREF="typesmapping.html">2.1.6 Mapping Types </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html280"
 HREF="typesother.html">2.1.7 Other Built-in Types </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html281"
 HREF="specialattrs.html">2.1.8 Special Attributes </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html282"
 HREF="module-exceptions.html">2.2 Built-in Exceptions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html283"
 HREF="built-in-funcs.html">2.3 Built-in Functions </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html284"
 HREF="python.html">3. Python Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html285"
 HREF="module-sys.html">3.1 sys --
System-specific parameters and functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html286"
 HREF="module-types.html">3.2 types --
Names for all built-in types.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html287"
 HREF="module-UserDict.html">3.3 UserDict --
Class wrapper for dictionary objects.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html288"
 HREF="module-UserList.html">3.4 UserList --
Class wrapper for list objects.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html289"
 HREF="module-operator.html">3.5 operator --
Standard operators as functions.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html290"
 HREF="module-traceback.html">3.6 traceback --
Print or retrieve a stack traceback.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html291"
 HREF="module-pickle.html">3.7 pickle --
Python object serialization</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html292"
 HREF="module-cPickle.html">3.8 cPickle --
Alternate implementation of pickle</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html293"
 HREF="module-copyreg.html">3.9 copy_reg --
Register pickle support functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html294"
 HREF="module-shelve.html">3.10 shelve --
Python object persistency</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html295"
 HREF="module-copy.html">3.11 copy --
Shallow and deep copy operations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html296"
 HREF="module-marshal.html">3.12 marshal --
Alternate Python object serialization</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html297"
 HREF="module-imp.html">3.13 imp --
Access the import internals</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html298"
 HREF="examples-imp.html">3.13.1 Examples</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html299"
 HREF="module-parser.html">3.14 parser --
Access parse trees for Python code</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html300"
 HREF="Creating_ASTs.html">3.14.1 Creating AST Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html301"
 HREF="Converting_ASTs.html">3.14.2 Converting AST Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html302"
 HREF="Querying_ASTs.html">3.14.3 Queries on AST Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html303"
 HREF="AST_Errors.html">3.14.4 Exceptions and Error Handling</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html304"
 HREF="AST_Objects.html">3.14.5 AST Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html305"
 HREF="AST_Examples.html">3.14.6 Examples</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html306"
 HREF="module-symbol.html">3.15 symbol --
Constants used with Python parse trees</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html307"
 HREF="module-token.html">3.16 token --
Constants used with Python parse trees</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html308"
 HREF="module-keyword.html">3.17 keyword --
Testing for Python keywords</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html309"
 HREF="module-tokenize.html">3.18 tokenize --
Tokenizer for Python source</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html310"
 HREF="module-pyclbr.html">3.19 pyclbr --
Python class browser support</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html311"
 HREF="pyclbr-class-objects.html">3.19.1 Class Descriptor Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html312"
 HREF="module-code.html">3.20 code --
Code object services.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html313"
 HREF="module-pprint.html">3.21 pprint --
Data pretty printer.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html314"
 HREF="PrettyPrinter_Objects.html">3.21.1 PrettyPrinter Objects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html315"
 HREF="module-repr.html">3.22 repr --
Alternate repr() implementation.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html316"
 HREF="Repr-objects.html">3.22.1 Repr Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html317"
 HREF="subclassing-reprs.html">3.22.2 Subclassing Repr Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html318"
 HREF="module-pycompile.html">3.23 py_compile --
Compile Python source files.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html319"
 HREF="module-compileall.html">3.24 compileall --
Byte-compile Python libraries.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html320"
 HREF="module-dis.html">3.25 dis --
Disassembler.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html321"
 HREF="bytecodes.html">3.25.1 Python Byte Code Instructions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html322"
 HREF="module-site.html">3.26 site --
Site-specific configuration hook</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html323"
 HREF="module-user.html">3.27 user --
User-specific configuration hook</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html324"
 HREF="module-builtin.html">3.28 __builtin__ --
Built-in functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html325"
 HREF="module-main.html">3.29 __main__ --
Top-level script environment.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html326"
 HREF="strings.html">4. String Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html327"
 HREF="module-string.html">4.1 string --
Common string operations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html328"
 HREF="module-re.html">4.2 re --
Perl-style regular expression operations.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html329"
 HREF="re-syntax.html">4.2.1 Regular Expression Syntax </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html330"
 HREF="matching-searching.html">4.2.2 Matching vs. Searching </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html331"
 HREF="Contents_of_Module_re.html">4.2.3 Module Contents</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html332"
 HREF="re-objects.html">4.2.4 Regular Expression Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html333"
 HREF="match-objects.html">4.2.5 Match Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html334"
 HREF="module-regex.html">4.3 regex --
Regular expression search and match operations.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html335"
 HREF="node82.html">4.3.1 Regular Expressions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html336"
 HREF="Contents_of_Module_regex.html">4.3.2 Module Contents</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html337"
 HREF="module-regsub.html">4.4 regsub --
String operations using regular expressions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html338"
 HREF="module-struct.html">4.5 struct --
Interpret strings as packed binary data.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html339"
 HREF="module-StringIO.html">4.6 StringIO --
Read and write strings as files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html340"
 HREF="module-cStringIO.html">4.7 cStringIO --
Faster version of StringIO</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html341"
 HREF="misc.html">5. Miscellaneous Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html342"
 HREF="module-math.html">5.1 math --
Mathematical functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html343"
 HREF="module-cmath.html">5.2 cmath --
Mathematical functions for complex numbers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html344"
 HREF="module-whrandom.html">5.3 whrandom --
Floating point pseudo-random number generator.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html345"
 HREF="module-random.html">5.4 random --
Generate pseudo-random numbers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html346"
 HREF="module-bisect.html">5.5 bisect --
Array bisection algorithm</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html347"
 HREF="bisect-example.html">5.5.1 Example</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html348"
 HREF="module-array.html">5.6 array --
Efficient arrays of numeric values</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html349"
 HREF="module-ConfigParser.html">5.7 ConfigParser --
Configuration file parser</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html350"
 HREF="ConfigParser-objects.html">5.7.1 ConfigParser Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html351"
 HREF="module-fileinput.html">5.8 fileinput --
Iteration over lines from multiple input streams.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html352"
 HREF="module-calendar.html">5.9 calendar --
Functions that emulate the Unix cal program.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html353"
 HREF="module-cmd.html">5.10 cmd --
Build line-oriented command interpreters.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html354"
 HREF="Cmd-objects.html">5.10.1 Cmd Objects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html355"
 HREF="module-shlex.html">5.11 shlex --
Simple lexical analysis.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html356"
 HREF="shlex-objects.html">5.11.1 shlex Objects </A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html357"
 HREF="allos.html">6. Generic Operating System Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html358"
 HREF="module-os.html">6.1 os --
Miscellaneous OS interfaces</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html359"
 HREF="os-procinfo.html">6.1.1 Process Parameters </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html360"
 HREF="os-newstreams.html">6.1.2 File Object Creation </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html361"
 HREF="os-fd-ops.html">6.1.3 File Descriptor Operations </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html362"
 HREF="os-file-dir.html">6.1.4 Files and Directories </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html363"
 HREF="os-process.html">6.1.5 Process Management </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html364"
 HREF="os-path.html">6.1.6 Miscellanenous System Data </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html365"
 HREF="module-os.path.html">6.2 os.path --
Common pathname manipulations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html366"
 HREF="module-stat.html">6.3 stat --
Interpreting stat() results</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html367"
 HREF="module-time.html">6.4 time --
Time access and conversions.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html368"
 HREF="module-getpass.html">6.5 getpass
-- Portable password input</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html369"
 HREF="module-getopt.html">6.6 getopt --
Parser for command line options.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html370"
 HREF="module-tempfile.html">6.7 tempfile --
Generate temporary file names</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html371"
 HREF="module-errno.html">6.8 errno --
Standard errno system symbols.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html372"
 HREF="module-glob.html">6.9 glob --
Unix style pathname pattern expansion</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html373"
 HREF="module-fnmatch.html">6.10 fnmatch --
Unix style filename pattern matching</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html374"
 HREF="module-shutil.html">6.11 shutil --
High-level file operations</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html375"
 HREF="shutil-example.html">6.11.1 Example </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html376"
 HREF="module-locale.html">6.12 locale --
Internationalization services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html377"
 HREF="node124.html">6.12.1 Background, details, hints, tips and caveats</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html378"
 HREF="embedding-locale.html">6.12.2 For extension writers and programs that embed Python</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html379"
 HREF="someos.html">7. Optional Operating System Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html380"
 HREF="module-signal.html">7.1 signal --
Set handlers for asynchronous events.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html381"
 HREF="Signal_Example.html">7.1.1 Example</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html382"
 HREF="module-socket.html">7.2 socket --
Low-level networking interface</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html383"
 HREF="node130.html">7.2.1 Socket Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html384"
 HREF="Socket_Example.html">7.2.2 Example</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html385"
 HREF="module-select.html">7.3 select --
Waiting for I/O completion</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html386"
 HREF="module-thread.html">7.4 thread --
Multiple threads of control</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html387"
 HREF="module-threading.html">7.5 threading --
Higher-level threading interface</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html388"
 HREF="lock-objects.html">7.5.1 Lock Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html389"
 HREF="rlock-objects.html">7.5.2 RLock Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html390"
 HREF="condition-objects.html">7.5.3 Condition Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html391"
 HREF="semaphore-objects.html">7.5.4 Semaphore Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html392"
 HREF="event-objects.html">7.5.5 Event Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html393"
 HREF="thread-objects.html">7.5.6 Thread Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html394"
 HREF="module-Queue.html">7.6 Queue --
A synchronized queue class.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html395"
 HREF="QueueObjects.html">7.6.1 Queue Objects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html396"
 HREF="module-anydbm.html">7.7 anydbm --
Generic access to DBM-style databases</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html397"
 HREF="module-dumbdbm.html">7.8 dumbdbm --
Portable DBM implementation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html398"
 HREF="module-dbhash.html">7.9 dbhash --
DBM-style interface to the BSD database library</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html399"
 HREF="dbhash-objects.html">7.9.1 Database Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html400"
 HREF="module-whichdb.html">7.10 whichdb --
Guess which DBM module created a database</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html401"
 HREF="module-bsddb.html">7.11 bsddb --
Interface to Berkeley DB library</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html402"
 HREF="bsddb-objects.html">7.11.1 Hash, BTree and Record Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html403"
 HREF="module-zlib.html">7.12 zlib --
Compression compatible with gzip</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html404"
 HREF="module-gzip.html">7.13 gzip --
Support for gzip files</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html405"
 HREF="unix.html">8. Unix Specific Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html406"
 HREF="module-posix.html">8.1 posix --
The most common POSIX system calls</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html407"
 HREF="posix-large-files.html">8.1.1 Large File Support </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html408"
 HREF="posix-contents.html">8.1.2 Module Contents </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html409"
 HREF="module-pwd.html">8.2 pwd --
The password database</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html410"
 HREF="module-grp.html">8.3 grp --
The group database</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html411"
 HREF="module-crypt.html">8.4 crypt --
Function used to check Unix passwords</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html412"
 HREF="module-dbm.html">8.5 dbm --
Simple ``database'' interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html413"
 HREF="module-gdbm.html">8.6 gdbm --
GNU's reinterpretation of dbm</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html414"
 HREF="module-termios.html">8.7 termios --
POSIX style tty control</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html415"
 HREF="termios_Example.html">8.7.1 Example</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html416"
 HREF="module-TERMIOSuppercase.html">8.8 TERMIOS --
Constants used with the termios module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html417"
 HREF="module-fcntl.html">8.9 fcntl --
The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html418"
 HREF="module-posixfile.html">8.10 posixfile --
File-like objects with locking support</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html419"
 HREF="module-resource.html">8.11 resource --
Resource usage information</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html420"
 HREF="node167.html">8.11.1 Resource Limits</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html421"
 HREF="node168.html">8.11.2 Resource Usage</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html422"
 HREF="module-syslog.html">8.12 syslog --
Unix syslog library routines</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html423"
 HREF="module-popen2.html">8.13 popen2 --
Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html424"
 HREF="popen3-objects.html">8.13.1 Popen3 Objects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html425"
 HREF="module-commands.html">8.14 commands --
Utilities for running commands</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html426"
 HREF="module-pdb.html">9. The Python Debugger</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html427"
 HREF="debugger-commands.html">9.1 Debugger Commands </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html428"
 HREF="node175.html">9.2 How It Works</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html429"
 HREF="profile.html">10. The Python Profiler </A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html430"
 HREF="Profiler_Introduction.html">10.1 Introduction to the profiler</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html431"
 HREF="Profiler_Changes.html">10.2 How Is This Profiler Different From The Old Profiler?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html432"
 HREF="profile-instant.html">10.3 Instant Users Manual </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html433"
 HREF="Deterministic_Profiling.html">10.4 What Is Deterministic Profiling?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html434"
 HREF="module-profile.html">10.5 Reference Manual</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html435"
 HREF="profile-stats.html">10.5.1 The Stats Class </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html436"
 HREF="profile-limits.html">10.6 Limitations </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html437"
 HREF="profile-calibration.html">10.7 Calibration </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html438"
 HREF="Profiler_Extensions.html">10.8 Extensions -- Deriving Better Profilers</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html439"
 HREF="profile-old.html">10.8.1 OldProfile Class </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html440"
 HREF="profile-HotProfile.html">10.8.2 HotProfile Class </A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html441"
 HREF="internet.html">11. Internet Protocols and Support </A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html442"
 HREF="module-cgi.html">11.1 cgi --
Common Gateway Interface support.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html443"
 HREF="cgi-intro.html">11.1.1 Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html444"
 HREF="Using_the_cgi_module.html">11.1.2 Using the cgi module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html445"
 HREF="node192.html">11.1.3 Old classes</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html446"
 HREF="Functions_in_cgi_module.html">11.1.4 Functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html447"
 HREF="node194.html">11.1.5 Caring about security</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html448"
 HREF="node195.html">11.1.6 Installing your CGI script on a Unix system</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html449"
 HREF="node196.html">11.1.7 Testing your CGI script</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html450"
 HREF="node197.html">11.1.8 Debugging CGI scripts</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html451"
 HREF="node198.html">11.1.9 Common problems and solutions</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html452"
 HREF="module-urllib.html">11.2 urllib --
Open an arbitrary object given by URL.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html453"
 HREF="module-httplib.html">11.3 httplib --
HTTP protocol client</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html454"
 HREF="node201.html">11.3.1 HTTP Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html455"
 HREF="HTTP_Example.html">11.3.2 Example</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html456"
 HREF="module-ftplib.html">11.4 ftplib --
FTP protocol client</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html457"
 HREF="ftp-objects.html">11.4.1 FTP Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html458"
 HREF="module-gopherlib.html">11.5 gopherlib --
Gopher protocol client</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html459"
 HREF="module-poplib.html">11.6 poplib --
POP3 protocol client</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html460"
 HREF="pop3-objects.html">11.6.1 POP3 Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html461"
 HREF="pop3-example.html">11.6.2 POP3 Example </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html462"
 HREF="module-imaplib.html">11.7 imaplib --
IMAP4 protocol client</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html463"
 HREF="imap4-objects.html">11.7.1 IMAP4 Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html464"
 HREF="imap4-example.html">11.7.2 IMAP4 Example</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html465"
 HREF="module-nntplib.html">11.8 nntplib --
NNTP protocol client</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html466"
 HREF="nntp-objects.html">11.8.1 NNTP Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html467"
 HREF="module-smtplib.html">11.9 smtplib --
SMTP protocol client</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html468"
 HREF="SMTP-objects.html">11.9.1 SMTP Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html469"
 HREF="SMTP-example.html">11.9.2 SMTP Example </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html470"
 HREF="module-telnetlib.html">11.10 telnetlib --
Telnet client</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html471"
 HREF="telnet-objects.html">11.10.1 Telnet Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html472"
 HREF="module-urlparse.html">11.11 urlparse --
Parse URLs into components.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html473"
 HREF="module-SocketServer.html">11.12 SocketServer --
A framework for network servers.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html474"
 HREF="module-BaseHTTPServer.html">11.13 BaseHTTPServer --
Basic HTTP server.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html475"
 HREF="netdata.html">12. Internet Data Handling </A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html476"
 HREF="module-sgmllib.html">12.1 sgmllib --
Simple SGML parser</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html477"
 HREF="module-htmllib.html">12.2 htmllib --
A parser for HTML documents</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html478"
 HREF="module-xmllib.html">12.3 xmllib --
A parser for XML documents</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html479"
 HREF="xml-namespace.html">12.3.1 XML Namespaces </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html480"
 HREF="module-formatter.html">12.4 formatter --
Generic output formatting</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html481"
 HREF="formatter-interface.html">12.4.1 The Formatter Interface </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html482"
 HREF="formatter-impls.html">12.4.2 Formatter Implementations </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html483"
 HREF="writer-interface.html">12.4.3 The Writer Interface </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html484"
 HREF="writer-impls.html">12.4.4 Writer Implementations </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html485"
 HREF="module-rfc822.html">12.5 rfc822 --
Parse RFC 822 mail headers</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html486"
 HREF="message-objects.html">12.5.1 Message Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html487"
 HREF="addresslist-objects.html">12.5.2 AddressList Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html488"
 HREF="module-mimetools.html">12.6 mimetools --
Tools for parsing MIME messages</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html489"
 HREF="mimetools.Message_Methods.html">12.6.1 Additional Methods of Message objects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html490"
 HREF="module-MimeWriter.html">12.7 MimeWriter --
Generic MIME file writer</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html491"
 HREF="MimeWriter-objects.html">12.7.1 MimeWriter Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html492"
 HREF="module-multifile.html">12.8 multifile --
Support for files containing distinct parts</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html493"
 HREF="MultiFile-objects.html">12.8.1 MultiFile Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html494"
 HREF="multifile-example.html">12.8.2 MultiFile Example </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html495"
 HREF="module-binhex.html">12.9 binhex --
Encode and decode binhex4 files</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html496"
 HREF="binhex-notes.html">12.9.1 Notes </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html497"
 HREF="module-uu.html">12.10 uu --
Encode and decode uuencode files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html498"
 HREF="module-binascii.html">12.11 binascii --
Convert between binary and ASCII</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html499"
 HREF="module-xdrlib.html">12.12 xdrlib --
Encode and decode XDR data.</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html500"
 HREF="xdr-packer-objects.html">12.12.1 Packer Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html501"
 HREF="xdr-unpacker-objects.html">12.12.2 Unpacker Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html502"
 HREF="xdr-exceptions.html">12.12.3 Exceptions </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html503"
 HREF="module-mailcap.html">12.13 mailcap --
Mailcap file handling.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html504"
 HREF="module-mimetypes.html">12.14 mimetypes --
Map filenames to MIME types</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html505"
 HREF="module-base64.html">12.15 base64 --
Encode and decode MIME base64 data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html506"
 HREF="module-quopri.html">12.16 quopri --
Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html507"
 HREF="module-mailbox.html">12.17 mailbox --
Read various mailbox formats</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html508"
 HREF="mailbox-objects.html">12.17.1 Mailbox Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html509"
 HREF="module-mhlib.html">12.18 mhlib --
Access to MH mailboxes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html510"
 HREF="mh-objects.html">12.18.1 MH Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html511"
 HREF="mh-folder-objects.html">12.18.2 Folder Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html512"
 HREF="mh-message-objects.html">12.18.3 Message Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html513"
 HREF="module-mimify.html">12.19 mimify --
MIME processing of mail messages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html514"
 HREF="module-netrc.html">12.20 netrc --
netrc file processing</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html515"
 HREF="netrc-objects.html">12.20.1 netrc Objects </A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html516"
 HREF="restricted.html">13. Restricted Execution </A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html517"
 HREF="module-rexec.html">13.1 rexec --
Restricted execution framework</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html518"
 HREF="node265.html">13.1.1 An example</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html519"
 HREF="module-Bastion.html">13.2 Bastion --
Restricting access to objects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html520"
 HREF="mmedia.html">14. Multimedia Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html521"
 HREF="module-audioop.html">14.1 audioop --
Manipulate raw audio data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html522"
 HREF="module-imageop.html">14.2 imageop --
Manipulate raw image data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html523"
 HREF="module-aifc.html">14.3 aifc --
Read and write AIFF and AIFC files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html524"
 HREF="module-colorsys.html">14.4 colorsys --
Conversions between color systems</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html525"
 HREF="module-rgbimg.html">14.5 rgbimg --
Read and write ``SGI RGB'' files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html526"
 HREF="module-imghdr.html">14.6 imghdr --
Determine the type of an image.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html527"
 HREF="module-sndhdr.html">14.7 sndhdr --
Determine type of sound file.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html528"
 HREF="crypto.html">15. Cryptographic Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html529"
 HREF="module-md5.html">15.1 md5 --
MD5 message digest algorithm</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html530"
 HREF="module-sha.html">15.2 sha --
SHA message digest algorithm</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html531"
 HREF="module-mpz.html">15.3 mpz --
GNU arbitrary magnitude integers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html532"
 HREF="module-rotor.html">15.4 rotor --
Enigma-like encryption and decryption.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html533"
 HREF="sgi.html">16. SGI IRIX Specific Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html534"
 HREF="module-al.html">16.1 al --
Audio functions on the SGI</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html535"
 HREF="al-config-objects.html">16.1.1 Configuration Objects </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html536"
 HREF="al-port-objects.html">16.1.2 Port Objects </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html537"
 HREF="module-al-constants.html">16.2 AL --
Constants used with the al module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html538"
 HREF="module-cd.html">16.3 cd --
CD-ROM access on SGI systems</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html539"
 HREF="player-objects.html">16.3.1 Player Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html540"
 HREF="cd-parser-objects.html">16.3.2 Parser Objects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html541"
 HREF="module-fl.html">16.4 fl --
FORMS library interface for GUI applications</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html542"
 HREF="FL_Functions.html">16.4.1 Functions Defined in Module fl</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html543"
 HREF="form-objects.html">16.4.2 Form Objects</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html544"
 HREF="forms-objects.html">16.4.3 FORMS Objects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html545"
 HREF="module-fl-constants.html">16.5 FL --
Constants used with the fl module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html546"
 HREF="module-flp.html">16.6 flp --
Functions for loading stored FORMS designs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html547"
 HREF="module-fm.html">16.7 fm --
Font Manager interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html548"
 HREF="module-gl.html">16.8 gl --
Graphics Library interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html549"
 HREF="module-DEVICE.html">16.9 DEVICE --
Constants used with the gl module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html550"
 HREF="module-gl-constants.html">16.10 GL --
Constants used with the gl module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html551"
 HREF="module-imgfile.html">16.11 imgfile --
Support for SGI imglib files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html552"
 HREF="module-jpeg.html">16.12 jpeg --
Read and write JPEG files</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html553"
 HREF="sunos.html">17. SunOS Specific Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html554"
 HREF="module-sunaudiodev.html">17.1 sunaudiodev --
Access to Sun audio hardware</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html555"
 HREF="audio-device-objects.html">17.1.1 Audio Device Objects</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html556"
 HREF="node303.html">18. MS Windows Specific Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html557"
 HREF="module-msvcrt.html">18.1 msvcrt -
Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html558"
 HREF="msvcrt-files.html">18.1.1 File Operations </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html559"
 HREF="msvcrt-console.html">18.1.2 Console I/O </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html560"
 HREF="msvcrt-other.html">18.1.3 Other Functions </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html561"
 HREF="module-winsound.html">18.2 winsound --
Sound-playing interface for Windows</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html562"
 HREF="undoc.html">19. Undocumented Modules</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html563"
 HREF="node310.html">19.1 Frameworks</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html564"
 HREF="node311.html">19.2 Miscellaneous useful utilities</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html565"
 HREF="node312.html">19.3 Platform specific modules</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html566"
 HREF="node313.html">19.4 Multimedia</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html567"
 HREF="node314.html">19.5 Oddities</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html568"
 HREF="node315.html">19.6 Obsolete</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html569"
 HREF="node316.html">19.7 Extension modules</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html570"
 HREF="modindex.html">Module Index</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html571"
 HREF="genindex.html">Index</A>
</UL>
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