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<P>

<div class=titlepage><center>
<h1>Python Library Reference</h1>
<p><b><font size='+2'>Guido van Rossum</font></b></p>
<p>
	Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) 
<BR>
1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, Va 20191, USA 
<BR>
E-mail: <span class=email>guido@CNRI.Reston.Va.US</span>, <span class=email>guido@python.org</span>
</p>
<p><strong>April 30, 1999</strong><br><strong>Release 1.5.2</strong></p>
<p>
</center></div>

<P>

<p><hr>
<!--Table of Child-Links-->


<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html56"
 HREF="front.html">Front Matter</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html57"
 HREF="contents.html">Contents</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html58"
 HREF="intro.html">1. Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html59"
 HREF="builtin.html">2. Built-in Types, Exceptions and Functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html60"
 HREF="types.html">2.1 Built-in Types </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html61"
 HREF="module-exceptions.html">2.2 Built-in Exceptions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html62"
 HREF="built-in-funcs.html">2.3 Built-in Functions </A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html63"
 HREF="python.html">3. Python Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html64"
 HREF="module-sys.html">3.1 <tt class=module>sys</tt> --
         System-specific parameters and functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html65"
 HREF="module-types.html">3.2 <tt class=module>types</tt> --
         Names for all built-in types.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html66"
 HREF="module-UserDict.html">3.3 <tt class=module>UserDict</tt> --
         Class wrapper for dictionary objects.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html67"
 HREF="module-UserList.html">3.4 <tt class=module>UserList</tt> --
         Class wrapper for list objects.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html68"
 HREF="module-operator.html">3.5 <tt class=module>operator</tt> --
         Standard operators as functions.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html69"
 HREF="module-traceback.html">3.6 <tt class=module>traceback</tt> --
         Print or retrieve a stack traceback.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html70"
 HREF="module-pickle.html">3.7 <tt class=module>pickle</tt> --
         Python object serialization</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html71"
 HREF="module-cPickle.html">3.8 <tt class=module>cPickle</tt> --
         Alternate implementation of <tt class=module>pickle</tt></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html72"
 HREF="module-copyreg.html">3.9 <tt class=module>copy_reg</tt> --
         Register <tt class=module>pickle</tt> support functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html73"
 HREF="module-shelve.html">3.10 <tt class=module>shelve</tt> --
         Python object persistency</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html74"
 HREF="module-copy.html">3.11 <tt class=module>copy</tt> --
         Shallow and deep copy operations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html75"
 HREF="module-marshal.html">3.12 <tt class=module>marshal</tt> --
         Alternate Python object serialization</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html76"
 HREF="module-imp.html">3.13 <tt class=module>imp</tt> --
         Access the <tt class=keyword>import</tt> internals</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html77"
 HREF="module-parser.html">3.14 <tt class=module>parser</tt> --
         Access parse trees for Python code</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html78"
 HREF="module-symbol.html">3.15 <tt class=module>symbol</tt> --
         Constants used with Python parse trees</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html79"
 HREF="module-token.html">3.16 <tt class=module>token</tt> --
         Constants used with Python parse trees</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html80"
 HREF="module-keyword.html">3.17 <tt class=module>keyword</tt> --
         Testing for Python keywords</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html81"
 HREF="module-tokenize.html">3.18 <tt class=module>tokenize</tt> --
         Tokenizer for Python source</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html82"
 HREF="module-pyclbr.html">3.19 <tt class=module>pyclbr</tt> --
         Python class browser support</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html83"
 HREF="module-code.html">3.20 <tt class=module>code</tt> --
         Code object services.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html84"
 HREF="module-pprint.html">3.21 <tt class=module>pprint</tt> --
         Data pretty printer.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html85"
 HREF="module-repr.html">3.22 <tt class=module>repr</tt> --
         Alternate <tt class=function>repr()</tt> implementation.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html86"
 HREF="module-pycompile.html">3.23 <tt class=module>py_compile</tt> --
         Compile Python source files.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html87"
 HREF="module-compileall.html">3.24 <tt class=module>compileall</tt> --
         Byte-compile Python libraries.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html88"
 HREF="module-dis.html">3.25 <tt class=module>dis</tt> --
         Disassembler.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html89"
 HREF="module-site.html">3.26 <tt class=module>site</tt> --
         Site-specific configuration hook</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html90"
 HREF="module-user.html">3.27 <tt class=module>user</tt> --
         User-specific configuration hook</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html91"
 HREF="module-builtin.html">3.28 <tt class=module>__builtin__</tt> --
         Built-in functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html92"
 HREF="module-main.html">3.29 <tt class=module>__main__</tt> --
         Top-level script environment.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html93"
 HREF="strings.html">4. String Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html94"
 HREF="module-string.html">4.1 <tt class=module>string</tt> --
         Common string operations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html95"
 HREF="module-re.html">4.2 <tt class=module>re</tt> --
         Perl-style regular expression operations.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html96"
 HREF="module-regex.html">4.3 <tt class=module>regex</tt> --
         Regular expression search and match operations.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html97"
 HREF="module-regsub.html">4.4 <tt class=module>regsub</tt> --
         String operations using regular expressions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html98"
 HREF="module-struct.html">4.5 <tt class=module>struct</tt> --
         Interpret strings as packed binary data.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html99"
 HREF="module-StringIO.html">4.6 <tt class=module>StringIO</tt> --
         Read and write strings as files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html100"
 HREF="module-cStringIO.html">4.7 <tt class=module>cStringIO</tt> --
         Faster version of <tt class=module>StringIO</tt></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html101"
 HREF="misc.html">5. Miscellaneous Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html102"
 HREF="module-math.html">5.1 <tt class=module>math</tt> --
         Mathematical functions</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html103"
 HREF="module-cmath.html">5.2 <tt class=module>cmath</tt> --
         Mathematical functions for complex numbers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html104"
 HREF="module-whrandom.html">5.3 <tt class=module>whrandom</tt> --
         Floating point pseudo-random number generator.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html105"
 HREF="module-random.html">5.4 <tt class=module>random</tt> --
         Generate pseudo-random numbers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html106"
 HREF="module-bisect.html">5.5 <tt class=module>bisect</tt> --
         Array bisection algorithm</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html107"
 HREF="module-array.html">5.6 <tt class=module>array</tt> --
         Efficient arrays of numeric values</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html108"
 HREF="module-ConfigParser.html">5.7 <tt class=module>ConfigParser</tt> --
         Configuration file parser</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html109"
 HREF="module-fileinput.html">5.8 <tt class=module>fileinput</tt> --
         Iteration over lines from multiple input streams.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html110"
 HREF="module-calendar.html">5.9 <tt class=module>calendar</tt> --
         Functions that emulate the Unix <b class=program>cal</b> program.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html111"
 HREF="module-cmd.html">5.10 <tt class=module>cmd</tt> --
         Build line-oriented command interpreters.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html112"
 HREF="module-shlex.html">5.11 <tt class=module>shlex</tt> --
         Simple lexical analysis.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html113"
 HREF="allos.html">6. Generic Operating System Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html114"
 HREF="module-os.html">6.1 <tt class=module>os</tt> --
         Miscellaneous OS interfaces</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html115"
 HREF="module-os.path.html">6.2 <tt class=module>os.path</tt> --
         Common pathname manipulations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html116"
 HREF="module-stat.html">6.3 <tt class=module>stat</tt> --
         Interpreting <tt class=function>stat()</tt> results</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html117"
 HREF="module-time.html">6.4 <tt class=module>time</tt> --
         Time access and conversions.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html118"
 HREF="module-getpass.html">6.5 <tt class=module>getpass</tt>
         -- Portable password input</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html119"
 HREF="module-getopt.html">6.6 <tt class=module>getopt</tt> --
         Parser for command line options.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html120"
 HREF="module-tempfile.html">6.7 <tt class=module>tempfile</tt> --
         Generate temporary file names</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html121"
 HREF="module-errno.html">6.8 <tt class=module>errno</tt> --
         Standard errno system symbols.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html122"
 HREF="module-glob.html">6.9 <tt class=module>glob</tt> --
         Unix style pathname pattern expansion</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html123"
 HREF="module-fnmatch.html">6.10 <tt class=module>fnmatch</tt> --
         Unix style filename pattern matching</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html124"
 HREF="module-shutil.html">6.11 <tt class=module>shutil</tt> --
         High-level file operations</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html125"
 HREF="module-locale.html">6.12 <tt class=module>locale</tt> --
         Internationalization services</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html126"
 HREF="someos.html">7. Optional Operating System Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html127"
 HREF="module-signal.html">7.1 <tt class=module>signal</tt> --
         Set handlers for asynchronous events.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html128"
 HREF="module-socket.html">7.2 <tt class=module>socket</tt> --
         Low-level networking interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html129"
 HREF="module-select.html">7.3 <tt class=module>select</tt> --
         Waiting for I/O completion</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html130"
 HREF="module-thread.html">7.4 <tt class=module>thread</tt> --
         Multiple threads of control</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html131"
 HREF="module-threading.html">7.5 <tt class=module>threading</tt> --
         Higher-level threading interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html132"
 HREF="module-Queue.html">7.6 <tt class=module>Queue</tt> --
         A synchronized queue class.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html133"
 HREF="module-anydbm.html">7.7 <tt class=module>anydbm</tt> --
         Generic access to DBM-style databases</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html134"
 HREF="module-dumbdbm.html">7.8 <tt class=module>dumbdbm</tt> --
         Portable DBM implementation</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html135"
 HREF="module-dbhash.html">7.9 <tt class=module>dbhash</tt> --
         DBM-style interface to the BSD database library</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html136"
 HREF="module-whichdb.html">7.10 <tt class=module>whichdb</tt> --
         Guess which DBM module created a database</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html137"
 HREF="module-bsddb.html">7.11 <tt class=module>bsddb</tt> --
         Interface to Berkeley DB library</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html138"
 HREF="module-zlib.html">7.12 <tt class=module>zlib</tt> --
         Compression compatible with <b class=program>gzip</b></A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html139"
 HREF="module-gzip.html">7.13 <tt class=module>gzip</tt> --
         Support for <b class=program>gzip</b> files</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html140"
 HREF="unix.html">8. Unix Specific Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html141"
 HREF="module-posix.html">8.1 <tt class=module>posix</tt> --
         The most common POSIX system calls</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html142"
 HREF="module-pwd.html">8.2 <tt class=module>pwd</tt> --
         The password database</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html143"
 HREF="module-grp.html">8.3 <tt class=module>grp</tt> --
         The group database</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html144"
 HREF="module-crypt.html">8.4 <tt class=module>crypt</tt> --
         Function used to check Unix passwords</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html145"
 HREF="module-dbm.html">8.5 <tt class=module>dbm</tt> --
         Simple ``database'' interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html146"
 HREF="module-gdbm.html">8.6 <tt class=module>gdbm</tt> --
         GNU's reinterpretation of dbm</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html147"
 HREF="module-termios.html">8.7 <tt class=module>termios</tt> --
         POSIX style tty control</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html148"
 HREF="module-TERMIOSuppercase.html">8.8 <tt class=module>TERMIOS</tt> --
         Constants used with the <tt class=module>termios</tt> module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html149"
 HREF="module-fcntl.html">8.9 <tt class=module>fcntl</tt> --
         The <tt class=function>fcntl()</tt> and <tt class=function>ioctl()</tt> system calls</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html150"
 HREF="module-posixfile.html">8.10 <tt class=module>posixfile</tt> --
         File-like objects with locking support</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html151"
 HREF="module-resource.html">8.11 <tt class=module>resource</tt> --
         Resource usage information</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html152"
 HREF="module-syslog.html">8.12 <tt class=module>syslog</tt> --
         Unix syslog library routines</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html153"
 HREF="module-popen2.html">8.13 <tt class=module>popen2</tt> --
         Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html154"
 HREF="module-commands.html">8.14 <tt class=module>commands</tt> --
         Utilities for running commands</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html155"
 HREF="module-pdb.html">9. The Python Debugger</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html156"
 HREF="debugger-commands.html">9.1 Debugger Commands </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html157"
 HREF="node175.html">9.2 How It Works</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html158"
 HREF="profile.html">10. The Python Profiler </A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html159"
 HREF="Profiler_Introduction.html">10.1 Introduction to the profiler</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html160"
 HREF="Profiler_Changes.html">10.2 How Is This Profiler Different From The Old Profiler?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html161"
 HREF="profile-instant.html">10.3 Instant Users Manual </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html162"
 HREF="Deterministic_Profiling.html">10.4 What Is Deterministic Profiling?</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html163"
 HREF="module-profile.html">10.5 Reference Manual</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html164"
 HREF="profile-limits.html">10.6 Limitations </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html165"
 HREF="profile-calibration.html">10.7 Calibration </A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html166"
 HREF="Profiler_Extensions.html">10.8 Extensions -- Deriving Better Profilers</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html167"
 HREF="internet.html">11. Internet Protocols and Support </A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html168"
 HREF="module-cgi.html">11.1 <tt class=module>cgi</tt> --
         Common Gateway Interface support.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html169"
 HREF="module-urllib.html">11.2 <tt class=module>urllib</tt> --
         Open an arbitrary object given by URL.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html170"
 HREF="module-httplib.html">11.3 <tt class=module>httplib</tt> --
         HTTP protocol client</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html171"
 HREF="module-ftplib.html">11.4 <tt class=module>ftplib</tt> --
         FTP protocol client</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html172"
 HREF="module-gopherlib.html">11.5 <tt class=module>gopherlib</tt> --
         Gopher protocol client</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html173"
 HREF="module-poplib.html">11.6 <tt class=module>poplib</tt> --
         POP3 protocol client</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html174"
 HREF="module-imaplib.html">11.7 <tt class=module>imaplib</tt> --
         IMAP4 protocol client</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html175"
 HREF="module-nntplib.html">11.8 <tt class=module>nntplib</tt> --
         NNTP protocol client</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html176"
 HREF="module-smtplib.html">11.9 <tt class=module>smtplib</tt> --
         SMTP protocol client</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html177"
 HREF="module-telnetlib.html">11.10 <tt class=module>telnetlib</tt> --
         Telnet client</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html178"
 HREF="module-urlparse.html">11.11 <tt class=module>urlparse</tt> --
         Parse URLs into components.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html179"
 HREF="module-SocketServer.html">11.12 <tt class=module>SocketServer</tt> --
         A framework for network servers.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html180"
 HREF="module-BaseHTTPServer.html">11.13 <tt class=module>BaseHTTPServer</tt> --
         Basic HTTP server.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html181"
 HREF="netdata.html">12. Internet Data Handling </A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html182"
 HREF="module-sgmllib.html">12.1 <tt class=module>sgmllib</tt> --
         Simple SGML parser</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html183"
 HREF="module-htmllib.html">12.2 <tt class=module>htmllib</tt> --
         A parser for HTML documents</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html184"
 HREF="module-xmllib.html">12.3 <tt class=module>xmllib</tt> --
         A parser for XML documents</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html185"
 HREF="module-formatter.html">12.4 <tt class=module>formatter</tt> --
         Generic output formatting</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html186"
 HREF="module-rfc822.html">12.5 <tt class=module>rfc822</tt> --
         Parse RFC 822 mail headers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html187"
 HREF="module-mimetools.html">12.6 <tt class=module>mimetools</tt> --
         Tools for parsing MIME messages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html188"
 HREF="module-MimeWriter.html">12.7 <tt class=module>MimeWriter</tt> --
         Generic MIME file writer</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html189"
 HREF="module-multifile.html">12.8 <tt class=module>multifile</tt> --
         Support for files containing distinct parts</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html190"
 HREF="module-binhex.html">12.9 <tt class=module>binhex</tt> --
         Encode and decode binhex4 files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html191"
 HREF="module-uu.html">12.10 <tt class=module>uu</tt> --
         Encode and decode uuencode files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html192"
 HREF="module-binascii.html">12.11 <tt class=module>binascii</tt> --
         Convert between binary and ASCII</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html193"
 HREF="module-xdrlib.html">12.12 <tt class=module>xdrlib</tt> --
         Encode and decode XDR data.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html194"
 HREF="module-mailcap.html">12.13 <tt class=module>mailcap</tt> --
         Mailcap file handling.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html195"
 HREF="module-mimetypes.html">12.14 <tt class=module>mimetypes</tt> --
         Map filenames to MIME types</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html196"
 HREF="module-base64.html">12.15 <tt class=module>base64</tt> --
         Encode and decode MIME base64 data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html197"
 HREF="module-quopri.html">12.16 <tt class=module>quopri</tt> --
         Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html198"
 HREF="module-mailbox.html">12.17 <tt class=module>mailbox</tt> --
         Read various mailbox formats</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html199"
 HREF="module-mhlib.html">12.18 <tt class=module>mhlib</tt> --
         Access to MH mailboxes</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html200"
 HREF="module-mimify.html">12.19 <tt class=module>mimify</tt> --
         MIME processing of mail messages</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html201"
 HREF="module-netrc.html">12.20 <tt class=module>netrc</tt> --
         netrc file processing</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html202"
 HREF="restricted.html">13. Restricted Execution </A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html203"
 HREF="module-rexec.html">13.1 <tt class=module>rexec</tt> --
         Restricted execution framework</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html204"
 HREF="module-Bastion.html">13.2 <tt class=module>Bastion</tt> --
         Restricting access to objects</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html205"
 HREF="mmedia.html">14. Multimedia Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html206"
 HREF="module-audioop.html">14.1 <tt class=module>audioop</tt> --
         Manipulate raw audio data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html207"
 HREF="module-imageop.html">14.2 <tt class=module>imageop</tt> --
         Manipulate raw image data</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html208"
 HREF="module-aifc.html">14.3 <tt class=module>aifc</tt> --
         Read and write AIFF and AIFC files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html209"
 HREF="module-colorsys.html">14.4 <tt class=module>colorsys</tt> --
         Conversions between color systems</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html210"
 HREF="module-rgbimg.html">14.5 <tt class=module>rgbimg</tt> --
         Read and write ``SGI RGB'' files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html211"
 HREF="module-imghdr.html">14.6 <tt class=module>imghdr</tt> --
         Determine the type of an image.</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html212"
 HREF="module-sndhdr.html">14.7 <tt class=module>sndhdr</tt> --
         Determine type of sound file.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html213"
 HREF="crypto.html">15. Cryptographic Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html214"
 HREF="module-md5.html">15.1 <tt class=module>md5</tt> --
         MD5 message digest algorithm</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html215"
 HREF="module-sha.html">15.2 <tt class=module>sha</tt> --
         SHA message digest algorithm</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html216"
 HREF="module-mpz.html">15.3 <tt class=module>mpz</tt> --
         GNU arbitrary magnitude integers</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html217"
 HREF="module-rotor.html">15.4 <tt class=module>rotor</tt> --
         Enigma-like encryption and decryption.</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html218"
 HREF="sgi.html">16. SGI IRIX Specific Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html219"
 HREF="module-al.html">16.1 <tt class=module>al</tt> --
         Audio functions on the SGI</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html220"
 HREF="module-al-constants.html">16.2 <tt class=module>AL</tt> --
         Constants used with the <tt class=module>al</tt> module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html221"
 HREF="module-cd.html">16.3 <tt class=module>cd</tt> --
         CD-ROM access on SGI systems</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html222"
 HREF="module-fl.html">16.4 <tt class=module>fl</tt> --
         FORMS library interface for GUI applications</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html223"
 HREF="module-fl-constants.html">16.5 <tt class=module>FL</tt> --
         Constants used with the <tt class=module>fl</tt> module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html224"
 HREF="module-flp.html">16.6 <tt class=module>flp</tt> --
         Functions for loading stored FORMS designs</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html225"
 HREF="module-fm.html">16.7 <tt class=module>fm</tt> --
         <i>Font Manager</i> interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html226"
 HREF="module-gl.html">16.8 <tt class=module>gl</tt> --
         <i>Graphics Library</i> interface</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html227"
 HREF="module-DEVICE.html">16.9 <tt class=module>DEVICE</tt> --
         Constants used with the <tt class=module>gl</tt> module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html228"
 HREF="module-gl-constants.html">16.10 <tt class=module>GL</tt> --
         Constants used with the <tt class=module>gl</tt> module</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html229"
 HREF="module-imgfile.html">16.11 <tt class=module>imgfile</tt> --
         Support for SGI imglib files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html230"
 HREF="module-jpeg.html">16.12 <tt class=module>jpeg</tt> --
         Read and write JPEG files</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html231"
 HREF="sunos.html">17. SunOS Specific Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html232"
 HREF="module-sunaudiodev.html">17.1 <tt class=module>sunaudiodev</tt> --
         Access to Sun audio hardware</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html233"
 HREF="node303.html">18. MS Windows Specific Services</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html234"
 HREF="module-msvcrt.html">18.1 <tt class=module>msvcrt</tt> -
         Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html235"
 HREF="module-winsound.html">18.2 <tt class=module>winsound</tt> --
         Sound-playing interface for Windows</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html236"
 HREF="undoc.html">19. Undocumented Modules</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html237"
 HREF="node310.html">19.1 Frameworks</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html238"
 HREF="node311.html">19.2 Miscellaneous useful utilities</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html239"
 HREF="node312.html">19.3 Platform specific modules</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html240"
 HREF="node313.html">19.4 Multimedia</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html241"
 HREF="node314.html">19.5 Oddities</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html242"
 HREF="node315.html">19.6 Obsolete</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html243"
 HREF="node316.html">19.7 Extension modules</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html244"
 HREF="modindex.html">Module Index</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html245"
 HREF="genindex.html">Index</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html246"
 HREF="about.html">About this document ...</A>
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